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updated for version 7.0021

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This commit is contained in:
Bram Moolenaar
2004-12-09 21:34:53 +00:00
parent 741b07e009
commit 293ee4d421
109 changed files with 3216 additions and 1368 deletions
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2
runtime/doc/Makefile
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@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ DOCS = \
help.txt \
howto.txt \
if_cscop.txt \
if_mzsch.txt \
if_ole.txt \
if_perl.txt \
if_pyth.txt \
@ -156,6 +157,7 @@ HTMLS = \
help.html \
howto.html \
if_cscop.html \
if_mzsch.html \
if_ole.html \
if_perl.html \
if_pyth.html \

29
runtime/doc/change.txt
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
*change.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Oct 11
*change.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Nov 30
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
@ -350,23 +350,24 @@ CTRL-X Subtract [count] from the number or alphabetic
The CTRL-A and CTRL-X commands work for (signed) decimal numbers, unsigned
octal and hexadecimal numbers and alphabetic characters. This depends on the
'nrformats' option.
- When 'nrformats' includes "alpha", Vim will change the alphabetic character
under or after the cursor. This is useful to make lists with an alphabetic
index.
- When 'nrformats' includes "hex", Vim assumes numbers starting with '0x' or
'0X' are hexadecimal. The case of the rightmost letter in the number
determines the case of the resulting hexadecimal number. If there is no
letter in the current number, Vim uses the previously detected case.
- When 'nrformats' includes "octal", Vim considers numbers starting with a '0'
to be octal. Other numbers are decimal and may have a preceding minus sign.
If the cursor is on a number, the commands apply to that number; otherwise
Vim uses the number to the right of the cursor.
- When 'nrformats' includes "hex", Vim assumes numbers starting with '0x' or
'0X' are hexadecimal. The case of the rightmost letter in the number
determines the case of the resulting hexadecimal number. If there is no
letter in the current number, Vim uses the previously detected case.
- When 'nrformats' includes "alpha", Vim will change the alphabetic character
under or after the cursor. This is useful to make lists with an alphabetic
index.
For numbers with leading zeros (including all octal and hexadecimal numbers),
Vim preserves the number of characters in the number when possible. CTRL-A on
"0077" results in "0100", CTRL-X on "0x100" results in "0x0ff". Note that
when 'nrformats' includes "octal", decimal numbers with leading zeros are
impossible because they are indistinguishable from octal numbers.
"0077" results in "0100", CTRL-X on "0x100" results in "0x0ff".
Note that when 'nrformats' includes "octal", decimal numbers with leading
zeros are impossible because they are indistinguishable from octal numbers.
The CTRL-A command is very useful in a macro. Example: Use the following
steps to make a numbered list.
@ -863,8 +864,10 @@ inside of strings can change! Also see 'softtabstop' option. >
*<MiddleMouse>*
["x]<MiddleMouse> Put the text from a register before the cursor [count]
times. Uses the "* register, unless another is
specified. Using the mouse only works when 'mouse'
contains 'n' or 'a'.
specified.
Leaves the cursor at the end of the new text.
Using the mouse only works when 'mouse' contains 'n'
or 'a'.
{not in Vi}
If you have a scrollwheel and often accidentally paste
text, you can use these mappings to disable the

54
runtime/doc/evim-it.1 Executable file
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@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
.TH EVIM 1 "16 febbraio 2002 "
.SH NOME
evim \- Vim "facile", Vim impostato in modo da poter essere usato
facilmente per modificare file, anche da chi non abbia familiarit<69>
con i comandi.
.SH SINTASSI
.br
.B evim
[opzioni] [file ..]
.br
.B eview
.SH DESCRIZIONE
.B evim
Inizia
.B Vim
e imposta le opzioni per farlo comportare come un editore "modeless".
State sempre usando Vim, ma come un editore "posizionati-e-clicca".
Simile all'uso di Notepad in MS-Windows.
.B evim
richiede la presenza della GUI, per avere a disposizione menu e barra
strumenti.
.PP
Da usarsi solo da parte di chi non <20> in grado di lavorare con Vim nella
maniera usuale.
La modifica file sar<61> molto meno efficiente.
.PP
.B eview
come sopra, ma parte in modalit<69> "Sola Lettura". Funziona come evim -R.
.PP
Vedere vim(1) per dettagli riguardo a Vim, opzioni, etc.
.PP
L'opzione 'insertmode' <20> impostata per poter immettere del testo direttamente.
.br
Sono definite delle mappature che consentono di usare COPIA e INCOLLA con i
familiari tasti usati sotto MS-Windows.
CTRL-X taglia testo, CTRL-C copia testo e CTRL-V incolla testo.
Usate CTRL-Q per ottenere quello chs si ottierrebbe con CTRL-V in Vim nativo.
.SH OPZIONI
Vedere vim(1).
.SH FILE
.TP 15
/usr/local/lib/vim/evim.vim
Lo script caricato per inizializzare eVim.
.SH NAC [NOTO ANCHE COME]
Noto Anche Come "Vim per semplici".
Quando usate evim si suppone che prendiate un fazzoletto,
facciate un nodo ad ogni angolo e ve lo mettiate in testa.
.SH VEDERE ANCHE
vim(1)
.SH AUTORE
Buona parte di
.B Vim
<EFBFBD> stato scritto da Bram Moolenaar, con molto aiuto da altri.
Vedere il Menu "Aiuto/Crediti".

38
runtime/doc/if_ole.txt
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
*if_ole.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2003 Jun 19
*if_ole.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Dec 09
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Paul Moore
@ -158,5 +158,41 @@ Studio. This is called "VisVim". It is included in the archive that contains
the OLE version. The documentation can be found in the runtime directory, the
README_VisVim.txt file.
Using Vim with Visual Studio .Net~
With .Net you no longer really need VisVim, since .Net studio has support for
external editors. Follow these directions:
In .Net Studio choose from the menu Tools->External Tools...
Add
Title - Vim
Command - c:\vim\vim63\gvim.exe
Arguments - --servername VS_NET --remote-silent "+call cursor($(CurLine), $(CurCol))" $(ItemPath)
Init Dir - Empty
Now, when you open a file in .Net, you can choose from the .Net menu:
Tools->Vim
That will open the file in Vim.
You can then add this external command as an icon and place it anywhere you
like. You might also be able to set this as your default editor.
If you refine this further, please post back to the Vim maillist so we have a
record of it.
--servername VS_NET
This will create a new instance of vim called VS_NET. So if you open multiple
files from VS, they will use the same instance of Vim. This allows you to
have multiple copies of Vim running, but you can control which one has VS
files in it.
--remote-silent "+call cursor(10, 27)"
- Places the cursor on line 10 column 27
In Vim >
:h --remote-silent for mor details
[.Net remarks provided by Dave Fishburn and Brian Sturk]
==============================================================================
vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:

7
runtime/doc/index.txt
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
*index.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Sep 07
*index.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Nov 30
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
@ -328,8 +328,7 @@ tag char note action in Normal mode ~
characters, repeat the entered text N-1
times
|S| ["x]S 2 delete N lines [into buffer x] and start
insert; synonym for "^cc" or "0cc",
depending on autoindent
insert; synonym for "cc".
|T| T{char} 1 cursor till after Nth occurrence of {char}
to the left
|U| U 2 undo all latest changes on one line
@ -425,7 +424,7 @@ tag char note action in Normal mode ~
|<Insert>| <Insert> 2 same as "i"
|<Left>| <Left> 1 same as "h"
|<LeftMouse>| <LeftMouse> 1 move cursor to the mouse click position
|<MiddleMouse>| <MiddleMouse> 2 same as "P" at the mouse click position
|<MiddleMouse>| <MiddleMouse> 2 same as "gP" at the mouse click position
|<PageDown>| <PageDown> same as CTRL-F
|<PageUp>| <PageUp> same as CTRL-B
|<Right>| <Right> 1 same as "l"

5
runtime/doc/insert.txt
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
*insert.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Jul 04
*insert.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Nov 18
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
@ -124,6 +124,9 @@ CTRL-R {0-9a-z"%#*+:.-=} *i_CTRL-R*
'-' the last small (less than a line) delete
'=' the expression register: you are prompted to
enter an expression (see |expression|)
Note that 0x80 (128 decimal) is used for
special keys, use CTRL-R CTRL-R to insert it
literally.
See |registers| about registers. {not in Vi}
CTRL-R CTRL-R {0-9a-z"%#*+/:.-=} *i_CTRL-R_CTRL-R*

4
runtime/doc/intro.txt
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
*intro.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Oct 08
*intro.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Nov 18
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ and <> are part of what you type, the context should make this clear.
concatenated. For example, {a-zA-Z0-9} is any alphanumeric
character.
*{motion}*
*{motion}* *movement*
{motion} A command that moves the cursor. These are explained in
|motion.txt|. Examples:
w to start of next word

4
runtime/doc/map.txt
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
*map.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 May 21
*map.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Dec 09
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
@ -232,8 +232,6 @@ command line (not a search pattern) the mappings are disabled until a CTRL-^
is typed. The state last used is remembered for Insert mode and Search
patterns separately. The state for Insert mode is also used when typing a
character as an argument to command like "f" or "t".
When adding a ":lmap" mapping the use of these mappings in Insert mode and
for Search patterns will be switched on.
Language mappings will never be applied to already mapped characters. They
are only used for typed characters. This assumes that the language mapping
was already done when typing the mapping.

8
runtime/doc/motion.txt
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
*motion.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Sep 07
*motion.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Nov 23
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
@ -814,8 +814,8 @@ was made yet in the current file.
area in the current buffer. {not in Vi}.
*''* *``*
'' `` To the position before latest jump, or where the last
"m'" or "m`" command was given. Not set when the
'' `` To the position before the latest jump, or where the
last "m'" or "m`" command was given. Not set when the
|:keepjumps| command modifier was used.
Also see |restore-position|.
@ -1240,7 +1240,7 @@ L To line [count] from bottom of window (default: Last
Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option.
<LeftMouse> Moves to the position on the screen where the mouse
click is |inclusive|. See also |<LeftMouse>|. If the
click is |exclusive|. See also |<LeftMouse>|. If the
position is in a status line, that window is made the
active window and the cursor is not moved. {not in Vi}

39
runtime/doc/options.txt
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
*options.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Oct 21
*options.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Dec 09
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
@ -139,6 +139,9 @@ example, if Alt-b produces <Esc>b, use this: >
(the ^[ is a real <Esc> here, use CTRL-V <Esc> to enter it)
The advantage over a mapping is that it works in all situations.
The t_xx options cannot be set from a |modeline| or in the |sandbox|, for
security reasons.
The listing from ":set" looks different from Vi. Long string options are put
at the end of the list. The number of options is quite large. The output of
"set all" probably does not fit on the screen, causing Vim to give the
@ -953,6 +956,7 @@ A jump table for the options with a short description can be found at |Q_op|.
accidentally overwriting existing files with a backup file. You might
prefer using ".bak", but make sure that you don't have files with
".bak" that you want to keep.
Only normal file name characters can be used, "/\*?[|<>" are illegal.
If you like to keep a lot of backups, you could use a BufWritePre
autocommand to change 'backupext' just before writing the file to
@ -1835,7 +1839,9 @@ A jump table for the options with a short description can be found at |Q_op|.
everything inside quotes is ignored. When matching a
paren inside quotes, it will find the matching one (if
there is one). This works very well for C programs.
*cpo-star*
This flag is also used for other features, such as
C-indenting.
cpo-star*
* Use ":*" in the same way as ":@". When not included,
":*" is an alias for ":'<,'>", select the Visual area.
*cpo-<*
@ -2479,6 +2485,7 @@ A jump table for the options with a short description can be found at |Q_op|.
type that is actually stored with the file.
This option is not copied to another buffer, independent of the 's' or
'S' flag in 'cpoptions'.
Only normal file name characters can be used, "/\*?[|<>" are illegal.
*'fillchars'* *'fcs'*
'fillchars' 'fcs' string (default "vert:|,fold:-")
@ -2725,6 +2732,20 @@ A jump table for the options with a short description can be found at |Q_op|.
This option cannot be set from a |modeline| or in the |sandbox|, for
security reasons.
*'fsync'* *'fs'*
'fsync' 'fs' boolean (default on)
global
{not in Vi}
When on, the library function fsync() will be called after writing a
file. This will flush a file to disk, ensuring that it is safely
written even on filesystems which do metadata-only journaling. This
will force the harddrive to spin up on Linux systems running in laptop
mode, so it may be undesirable in some situations. Be warned that
turning this off increases the chances of data loss after a crash. On
systems without an fsync() implementation, this variable is always
off.
Also see 'swapsync' for controlling fsync() on swap files.
*'gdefault'* *'gd'* *'nogdefault'* *'nogd'*
'gdefault' 'gd' boolean (default off)
global
@ -2791,6 +2812,7 @@ A jump table for the options with a short description can be found at |Q_op|.
the height of the cursor can be changed. This can be done by
specifying a block cursor, or a percentage for a vertical or
horizontal cursor.
For a console the 't_SI' and 't_EI' escape sequences are used.
The option is a comma separated list of parts. Each part consist of a
mode-list and an argument-list:
@ -3686,6 +3708,7 @@ A jump table for the options with a short description can be found at |Q_op|.
Setting this option to a valid keymap name has the side effect of
setting 'iminsert' to one, so that the keymap becomes effective.
'imsearch' is also set to one, unless it was -1
Only normal file name characters can be used, "/\*?[|<>" are illegal.
*'keymodel'* *'km'*
'keymodel' 'km' string (default "")
@ -3777,6 +3800,7 @@ A jump table for the options with a short description can be found at |Q_op|.
matter what $LANG is set to: >
:set langmenu=nl_NL.ISO_8859-1
< When 'langmenu' is empty, |v:lang| is used.
Only normal file name characters can be used, "/\*?[|<>" are illegal.
If your $LANG is set to a non-English language but you do want to use
the English menus: >
:set langmenu=none
@ -4427,6 +4451,7 @@ A jump table for the options with a short description can be found at |Q_op|.
Using 'patchmode' for compressed files appends the extension at the
end (e.g., "file.gz.orig"), thus the resulting name isn't always
recognized as a compressed file.
Only normal file name characters can be used, "/\*?[|<>" are illegal.
*'path'* *'pa'* *E343* *E345* *E347*
'path' 'pa' string (default on Unix: ".,/usr/include,,"
@ -4537,6 +4562,8 @@ A jump table for the options with a short description can be found at |Q_op|.
feature}
The name of the printer to be used for |:hardcopy|.
See |pdev-option|.
This option cannot be set from a |modeline| or in the |sandbox|, for
security reasons.
*'printencoding'* *'penc'*
'printencoding' 'penc' String (default empty, except for some systems)
@ -5647,6 +5674,7 @@ A jump table for the options with a short description can be found at |Q_op|.
systems the swap file will not be written at all. For a unix system
setting it to "sync" will use the sync() call instead of the default
fsync(), which may work better on some systems.
The 'fsync' option is used for the actual file.
*'switchbuf'* *'swb'*
'switchbuf' 'swb' string (default "")
@ -5687,6 +5715,7 @@ A jump table for the options with a short description can be found at |Q_op|.
Syntax autocommand event is triggered with the value as argument.
This option is not copied to another buffer, independent of the 's' or
'S' flag in 'cpoptions'.
Only normal file name characters can be used, "/\*?[|<>" are illegal.
*'tabstop'* *'ts'*
'tabstop' 'ts' number (default 8)
@ -6065,6 +6094,8 @@ A jump table for the options with a short description can be found at |Q_op|.
This option will be used for the window title when exiting Vim if the
original title cannot be restored. Only happens if 'title' is on or
'titlestring' is not empty.
This option cannot be set from a |modeline| or in the |sandbox|, for
security reasons.
*'titlestring'*
'titlestring' string (default "")
global
@ -6649,8 +6680,8 @@ A jump table for the options with a short description can be found at |Q_op|.
keys can be mapped.
If the menu is disabled by excluding 'm' from 'guioptions', the ALT
key is never used for the menu.
In the Win32 version, the <F10> key is handled like this too, since
Windows uses it to select a menu.
This option is not used for <F10>; on Win32 and with GTK <F10> will
select the menu, unless it has been mapped.
*'winheight'* *'wh'* *E591*
'winheight' 'wh' number (default 1)

62
runtime/doc/pi_netrw.txt
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
*pi_netrw.txt For Vim version 6.2. Last change: Sep 13, 2004
*pi_netrw.txt* For Vim version 6.3. Last change: Oct 08, 2004
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Charles E. Campbell, Jr.
@ -536,11 +536,13 @@ from <netrw.vim> itself:
<c-l>......Refreshing the Listing..................|netrw-ctrl-l|
o..........Browsing with a Horizontal Split........|netrw-o|
p..........Preview Window..........................|netrw-p|
q..........Listing Bookmarks.......................|netrw-q|
q..........Listing Bookmarks and History...........|netrw-q|
r..........Reversing Sorting Order.................|netrw-r|
R..........Renaming Files or Directories...........|netrw-R|
s..........Selecting Sorting Style.................|netrw-s|
S..........Editing the Sorting Sequence............|netrw-S|
u..........Changing to a Predecessor Directory.....|netrw-u|
U..........Changing to a Successor Directory.......|netrw-U|
v..........Browsing with a Vertical Split..........|netrw-v|
x..........Customizing Browsing....................|netrw-x|
@ -751,7 +753,7 @@ EDIT FILE OR DIRECTORY HIDING LIST *netrw-h*
The "<ctrl-h>" map brings up a requestor allowing the user to change the
file/directory hiding list. The hiding list consists of one or more patterns
delimited by commas. Files and/or directories satisfying these patterns will
be hidden (ie. not shown).
either be hidden (ie. not shown) or be the only ones displayed (see |netrw-a|).
BROWSING WITH A HORIZONTALLY SPLIT WINDOW *netrw-o*
@ -802,6 +804,22 @@ One may toggle between normal and reverse sorting order by pressing the
"r" key.
CHANGING TO A PREDECESSOR DIRECTORY *netrw-u*
Every time you change to a new directory (new for the current session),
netrw will save the directory in a recently-visited directory history
list (unless g:netrw_dirhistmax is zero; by default, its ten). With the
"u" map, one can change to an earlier directory (predecessor). To do
the opposite, see |netrw-U|.
CHANGING TO A SUCCESSOR DIRECTORY *netrw-U*
With the "U" map, one can change to a later directory (successor).
This map is the opposite of the "u" map. (see |netrw-u|) Use the
q map to list both the bookmarks and history. (see |netrw-q|)
BROWSING WITH A VERTICALLY SPLIT WINDOW *netrw-v*
Normally one enters a file or directory using the <cr>. However, the "v"
@ -854,7 +872,8 @@ One may easily "bookmark" a directory by using
{cnt}b
Any count may be used. One may use viminfo's "!" option to retain bookmarks
between vim sessions.
between vim sessions. See |netrw-B| for how to return to a bookmark and
|netrw-q| for how to list them.
CHANGING TO A BOOKMARKED DIRECTORY *netrw-B*
@ -863,12 +882,14 @@ To change directory back to a bookmarked directory, use
{cnt}B
Any count may be used.
Any count may be used to reference any of the bookmarks. See |netrw-b|
for how to bookmark a directory and |netrw-q| for how to list them.
LISTING BOOKMARKS *netrw-q*
LISTING BOOKMARKS AND HISTORY *netrw-q*
Pressing "q" will list the bookmarked directories. (query)
Pressing "q" will list the bookmarked directories and directory traversal
history (query). (see |netrw-b|, |netrw-B|, |netrw-u|, and |netrw-U|)
IMPROVING DIRECTORY BROWSING *netrw-list-hack*
@ -991,11 +1012,26 @@ which is loaded automatically at startup (assuming :set nocp).
attempting to read/write your file over the network. Please
send that information to <netrw.vim>'s maintainer,
drchipNOSPAM at campbellfamily.biz - NOSPAM
NdrOchip at ScampbellPfamily.AbizM - NOSPAM
==============================================================================
10. History *netrw-history*
v52: * nonumber'ing now set for browsing buffers
* when the hiding list hid all files, error messages ensued. Fixed
* when browsing, swf is set, but directory is not set, when netrw
was attempting to restore options, vim wanted to save a swapfile
to a local directory using an url-style path. Fixed
v51: * cygwin detection now automated (using windows and &shell is bash)
* customizable browser "file" rejection patterns
* directory history
* :[range]w url now supported (ie. netrw has a FileWriteCmd event)
* error messages have a "Press <cr> to continue" to allow them
to be seen
* directory browser displays no longer bother the swapfile
* u/U commands to go up and down the history stack
* history stack may be saved with viminfo with its "!" option
* bugfixes associated with unwanted [No Files] entries
v50: * directories now displayed using buftype=nofile; should keep the
directory names as-is
* attempts to remove empty "[No File]" buffers leftover
@ -1003,8 +1039,8 @@ which is loaded automatically at startup (assuming :set nocp).
* bugfix: a "caps-lock" editing difficulty left in v49 was fixed
* syntax highlighting for "Showing:" the hiding list included
* bookmarks can now be retained if "!" is in the viminfo option
v49: * will use ftp for http://.../ browsing v48: * One may use ftp to
do remote host file browsing
v49: * will use ftp for http://.../ browsing v48:
* One may use ftp to do remote host file browsing
* (windows and !cygwin) remote browsing with ftp can now use
the "dir" command internally to provide listings
* g:netrw_keepdir now allows one to keep the initial current
@ -1032,9 +1068,9 @@ which is loaded automatically at startup (assuming :set nocp).
listings
* improved unusual file and directory name handling preview
* window support
v47: * now handles local directory browsing. v46: * now handles
remote directory browsing
* g:netrw_silent (if 1) will cause all transfers to be silent'd
v47: * now handles local directory browsing.
v46: * now handles remote directory browsing
* g:netrw_silent (if 1) will cause all transfers to be silent
v45: * made the [user@]hostname:path form a bit more restrictive to
better handle errors in using protocols (e.g. scp:usr@host:file
was being recognized as an rcp request) v44: * changed from

9
runtime/doc/syntax.txt
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
*syntax.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Oct 12
*syntax.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Dec 09
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
@ -640,6 +640,10 @@ c_no_if0 don't highlight "#if 0" blocks as comments
c_no_cformat don't highlight %-formats in strings
c_no_c99 don't highlight C99 standard items
When 'foldmethod' is set to "syntax" then /* */ comments and { } blocks will
become a fold. If you don't want comments to become a fold use: >
:let c_no_comment_fold = 1
If you notice highlighting errors while scrolling backwards, which are fixed
when redrawing with CTRL-L, try setting the "c_minlines" internal variable
to a larger number: >
@ -2128,6 +2132,9 @@ By default only R5RS keywords are highlighted and properly indented.
MzScheme-specific stuff will be used if b:is_mzscheme or g:is_mzscheme
variables are defined.
Also scheme.vim supports keywords of the Chicken Scheme->C compiler. Define
b:is_chicken or g:is_chicken, if you need them.
SDL *sdl.vim* *sdl-syntax*

15
runtime/doc/tags
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@ -229,6 +229,8 @@ $VIMRUNTIME starting.txt /*$VIMRUNTIME*
'formatoptions' options.txt /*'formatoptions'*
'formatprg' options.txt /*'formatprg'*
'fp' options.txt /*'fp'*
'fs' options.txt /*'fs'*
'fsync' options.txt /*'fsync'*
'ft' options.txt /*'ft'*
'gcr' options.txt /*'gcr'*
'gd' options.txt /*'gd'*
@ -756,6 +758,7 @@ $VIMRUNTIME starting.txt /*$VIMRUNTIME*
't_CV' term.txt /*'t_CV'*
't_Co' term.txt /*'t_Co'*
't_DL' term.txt /*'t_DL'*
't_EI' term.txt /*'t_EI'*
't_F1' term.txt /*'t_F1'*
't_F2' term.txt /*'t_F2'*
't_F3' term.txt /*'t_F3'*
@ -789,6 +792,7 @@ $VIMRUNTIME starting.txt /*$VIMRUNTIME*
't_KL' term.txt /*'t_KL'*
't_RI' term.txt /*'t_RI'*
't_RV' term.txt /*'t_RV'*
't_SI' term.txt /*'t_SI'*
't_Sb' term.txt /*'t_Sb'*
't_Sf' term.txt /*'t_Sf'*
't_WP' term.txt /*'t_WP'*
@ -4298,7 +4302,6 @@ cpo-o options.txt /*cpo-o*
cpo-p options.txt /*cpo-p*
cpo-r options.txt /*cpo-r*
cpo-s options.txt /*cpo-s*
cpo-star options.txt /*cpo-star*
cpo-t options.txt /*cpo-t*
cpo-u options.txt /*cpo-u*
cpo-v options.txt /*cpo-v*
@ -4929,7 +4932,6 @@ hebrew hebrew.txt /*hebrew*
hebrew.txt hebrew.txt /*hebrew.txt*
help various.txt /*help*
help-context help.txt /*help-context*
help-tags tags 1
help-translated various.txt /*help-translated*
help-xterm-window various.txt /*help-xterm-window*
help.txt help.txt /*help.txt*
@ -5391,6 +5393,7 @@ mouse-mode-table term.txt /*mouse-mode-table*
mouse-overview term.txt /*mouse-overview*
mouse-swap-buttons term.txt /*mouse-swap-buttons*
mouse-using term.txt /*mouse-using*
movement intro.txt /*movement*
ms-dos os_msdos.txt /*ms-dos*
msdos os_msdos.txt /*msdos*
msdos-arrows os_msdos.txt /*msdos-arrows*
@ -5462,6 +5465,7 @@ netrw-B pi_netrw.txt /*netrw-B*
netrw-D pi_netrw.txt /*netrw-D*
netrw-R pi_netrw.txt /*netrw-R*
netrw-S pi_netrw.txt /*netrw-S*
netrw-U pi_netrw.txt /*netrw-U*
netrw-activate pi_netrw.txt /*netrw-activate*
netrw-b pi_netrw.txt /*netrw-b*
netrw-bookmark pi_netrw.txt /*netrw-bookmark*
@ -5507,6 +5511,7 @@ netrw-ref pi_netrw.txt /*netrw-ref*
netrw-rename pi_netrw.txt /*netrw-rename*
netrw-s pi_netrw.txt /*netrw-s*
netrw-transparent pi_netrw.txt /*netrw-transparent*
netrw-u pi_netrw.txt /*netrw-u*
netrw-uidpass pi_netrw.txt /*netrw-uidpass*
netrw-urls pi_netrw.txt /*netrw-urls*
netrw-v pi_netrw.txt /*netrw-v*
@ -5553,6 +5558,7 @@ new-indent-flex version6.txt /*new-indent-flex*
new-items-6 version6.txt /*new-items-6*
new-items-7 version7.txt /*new-items-7*
new-line-continuation version5.txt /*new-line-continuation*
new-manpage-trans version7.txt /*new-manpage-trans*
new-multi-byte version5.txt /*new-multi-byte*
new-multi-lang version6.txt /*new-multi-lang*
new-network-files version6.txt /*new-network-files*
@ -5690,6 +5696,7 @@ phtml-syntax syntax.txt /*phtml-syntax*
phtml.vim syntax.txt /*phtml.vim*
pi_expl.txt pi_expl.txt /*pi_expl.txt*
pi_gzip.txt pi_gzip.txt /*pi_gzip.txt*
pi_netrw.txt pi_netrw.txt /*pi_netrw.txt*
pi_spec.txt pi_spec.txt /*pi_spec.txt*
plugin usr_05.txt /*plugin*
plugin-details filetype.txt /*plugin-details*
@ -6084,6 +6091,7 @@ t_CS term.txt /*t_CS*
t_CV term.txt /*t_CV*
t_Co term.txt /*t_Co*
t_DL term.txt /*t_DL*
t_EI term.txt /*t_EI*
t_F1 term.txt /*t_F1*
t_F2 term.txt /*t_F2*
t_F3 term.txt /*t_F3*
@ -6117,6 +6125,7 @@ t_KK term.txt /*t_KK*
t_KL term.txt /*t_KL*
t_RI term.txt /*t_RI*
t_RV term.txt /*t_RV*
t_SI term.txt /*t_SI*
t_Sb term.txt /*t_Sb*
t_Sf term.txt /*t_Sf*
t_WP term.txt /*t_WP*
@ -6299,6 +6308,8 @@ term.txt term.txt /*term.txt*
termcap term.txt /*termcap*
termcap-changed version4.txt /*termcap-changed*
termcap-colors term.txt /*termcap-colors*
termcap-cursor-color term.txt /*termcap-cursor-color*
termcap-cursor-shape term.txt /*termcap-cursor-shape*
termcap-syntax syntax.txt /*termcap-syntax*
termcap-title term.txt /*termcap-title*
terminal-colors os_unix.txt /*terminal-colors*

17
runtime/doc/term.txt
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
*term.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Oct 20
*term.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Dec 07
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
@ -275,6 +275,8 @@ Added by Vim (there are no standard codes for these):
t_IE set icon text end *t_IE* *'t_IE'*
t_WP set window position (Y, X) in pixels *t_WP* *'t_WP'*
t_WS set window size (height, width) in characters *t_WS* *'t_WS'*
t_SI start insert mode (bar cursor shape) *t_SI* *'t_SI'*
t_EI end insert mode (block cursor shape) *t_EI* *'t_EI'*
t_RV request terminal version string (for xterm) *t_RV* *'t_RV'*
|xterm-8bit| |v:termresponse| |'ttymouse'| |xterm-codes|
@ -395,6 +397,19 @@ When it is non-zero, the 't_AB' and 't_AF' options are used to set the color.
If one of these is not available, 't_Sb' and 't_Sf' are used. 't_me' is used
to reset to the default colors.
*termcap-cursor-shape* *termcap-cursor-color*
When Vim enters Insert mode the 't_SI' escape sequence is sent. When leaving
Insert mode 't_EI' is used. But only if both are defined. This can be used
to change the shape or color of the cursor in Insert mode. These are not
standard termcap/terminfo entries, you need to set them yourself.
Example for an xterm, this changes the color of the cursor: >
if &term =~ "xterm"
let &t_SI = "\<Esc>]12;purple\x7"
let &t_EI = "\<Esc>]12;blue\x7"
endif
NOTE: When Vim exits the shape for Normal mode will remain. The shape from
before Vim started will not be restored.
*termcap-title*
The 't_ts' and 't_fs' options are used to set the window title if the terminal
allows title setting via sending strings. They are sent before and after the

150
runtime/doc/todo.txt
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
*todo.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Oct 24
*todo.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Dec 09
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
@ -30,57 +30,6 @@ be worked on, but only if you sponsor Vim development. See |sponsor|.
*known-bugs*
-------------------- Known bugs and current work -----------------------
Include NetBeans patches (Gordon Prieur, Oct 20)
See two messages for list of changed files. Additionally:
doc/eval.txt
Docs for message E680.
Line number not updated when inserting a line in anothe window. (Hitier
Sylvain, Oct 24)
Aborting at the ATTENTION prompt causes trouble:
buffer remains active, nwindows isn't closed (fixed in buffer.c)
alternate buffer gets "read error" flag.
":sbuf" and ":ball" leave an empty window behind.
Change in handle_swap_exists() also in 6.3?
Add enter_cleanup() and leave_cleanup() also in 6.3?
buffer.c
ex_eval.c
proto/ex_eval.pro
structs.h
vim.h
Win32: When the path to a file has Russian characters, ":cd %:p:h" doesn't
work. (Valery Kondakoff)
Solved in os_mswin.c. Add to 6.3?
Patch for Win32 textdomain: NAKADAIRA Yukihiro, Sept 17.
Handling decimal point on keypad: use MapVirtualKey. (Vince Negri, Oct 20)
Valencia: executable("xxd.exe") returns true while "!xxd" doesn't work.
Works fine for me. Only in specific environment?
netrw plugin: When coming back to the same directory a scratch buffer appears.
Only on Win32. (Charles Campbell, Sept 15)
New Eiffel indent script from Jocelyn Fiat. OK with David Clarke.
Win32: not using 'tenc' in GUI causes problems on Win 98? (Jiri Jezdinsky)
Try out with Russian input method.
After "Y" '[ and '] are not at start/end of the yanked text. (Ken Clark)
Patch for adding 'fsync' option: disable using fsync() on file write. (Sept.
26, Ciaran McCreesh)
Folding for C syntax: (Olaf Dabrunz 27 sept 2004)
Add remark about using Vim with VS .net to Visvim docs. (David Fishburn, Sept
27)
Vim icon for documents associated with Vim? (Rahul Kulkarni, sept 28)
Add a function to test if a font name actually works.
When using "set laststatus=2 cmdheight=2" in the .gvimrc you only get one line
@ -89,6 +38,30 @@ xterm with many lines) it's OK.
":e <cfile>" does not expand ~/file, very confusing compared to ":e ~/file".
SIGHUP is delayed until waiting for a character. Can the same thing be done
for SIGINT? Then also check when waiting for a short time.
When no termcap/termlib library is found, check that compiling Vim works in
configure. Give an clear error message ("install termcap or ncurses-dev
package") when it doesn't.
When doing ":w file" 'modified' is reset, but "u" sets it, while the file is
actually unchanged. Don't reset 'modified' when 'nocp' is set.
Win32: "gvim -V100" should use dialog with scrollbar.
Using CTRL-A on "08" should not work like octal. (Matthew Duggan)
Cursor onder laatste regel na ":g/pat/s//>" commando waardoor regels niet meer
wrappen. (Adri Verhoef, Dec 1)
Included NetBeans patches (Gordon Prieur, Oct 20)
See two messages for list of changed files. Additionally:
doc/eval.txt
Docs for message E680.
Docs for ":nbkey".
Asked Gordon to send the differences again, some parts apparently are
missing.
For version 7.0:
@ -172,6 +145,8 @@ For version 7.0:
Tcl implementation ~/vim/HierAssist/ )
7 Add patch from Benoit Cerrina to integrate Vim and Perl functions
better. Now also works for Ruby (2001 Nov 10)
- Patch from Herculano de Lima Einloft Neto for better formatting of the
quickfix window (2004 dec 2)
7 Motif: use the menu font consistently. Patch from Martin Dalecki 2002
Jan 11.
- Motif: add 3D shading for the menu entries? Patch from Martin Dalecki.
@ -204,13 +179,32 @@ For version 7.0:
runtime files?
Also: when the environment variable exists, use it. If it doesn't
exist, set it. Requires good names: $VIM_USER_VIMRC $VIM_USER_DIR
- Add the ":cbuffer" command: read list of errors from a buffer instead
of from a file. (Yegappan Lakshmanan, Oct 31, but avoid the temp file)
Perhaps ":cexpr" could read from a list?
Add %b to 'errorformat': buffer number. (Yegappan Lakshmanan / Suresh
Govindachar)
- The Replace dialog takes "\r" literal, unless "replace all" is used.
Need to escape backslashes.
Win32: the text to replace with isn't remembered.
- For GUI Find/Replace dialog support using a regexp. Patch for Motif
and GTK by degreneir (nov 10 and nov 18).
- Use a builtin grep command for ":grep"? Makes it possible to add the
column number. Can use the code of ":helpgrep".
Patch from Yegappan Lakshmanan, Nov 4. Or use ":grep" and set 'grepprg'
to something special? Could also do both.
Also support using "**" in filename, so that a directory tree can be
searched.
Also see the "minigrep.vim" script on www.vim.org.
- Edit same file on Unix and from MS-Windows: no warning for swap file.
- Drop the kvim support? There is no maintenance and "yzis" is supposed to
replace it.
- In the kvim/KDE source files fix the formatting.
- KDE version is called "kvim". Make it "gvim", like the others?
- Better configure check for KDE include files from Dan Sharp.
- KDE Input method patch. (Yasuhiro Matsumoto)
- KDE GUI Input method patch. (Yasuhiro Matsumoto) (upd. Oct 25 2004)
- Change ga_room into ga_maxlen, so that it doesn't need to be
incremented/decremented each time.
- For string variables, use length instead of NUL termination.
@ -279,9 +273,11 @@ For version 7.0:
Should store the values in block 0 of the swap file, but that is an
incompatible change.
7 Support WINDOW TABS. Works like several pages, each with their own
split windows. Patch for GTK 1.2 from Christian Michon, 2004 Jan 6.
Also for the console! In Emacs these are called frames.
split windows. Patch for GTK 1.2 passed on by Christian Michon, 2004 Jan 6.
Also for the console!
In Emacs these are called frames. Could also call them "pages".
Use "1gt" - "99gt" to switch to a tab?
Simple patch for GTK by Luis M (nov 7).
- EMBEDDING: Make it possible to run Vim inside a window of another program.
For Xwindows this can be done with XReparentWindow().
For GTK Neil Bird has a patch to use Vim like a widget.
@ -337,14 +333,18 @@ For version 7.0:
- "onemore" flag in 'virtualedit': move cursor past end of line. Patch by
Mattias Flodin (2004 Jul 30)
The fsync() in buf_write() causes laptop harddisk spinup. Add an option to
avoid it?
Win32: When setting 'encoding' in a Vim server to "utf-8", and using "vim
--remote russian" in a console, "russian" should be converted from the console
encoding to utf-8. Send all remote messages in utf-8? Only on Win32?
Support ":set syntax=cpp.doxygen"? Suggested patch by Michael Geddes (9 Aug
2004). Should also work for 'filetype'.
Patch for 'breakindent' option: repeat indent for wrapped line. (Vaclav
Smilauer, 2004 Sep 13)
Smilauer, 2004 Sep 13, fix Oct 31)
":bufdo g/something/p" has the last match overwritten by the file info.
Example by Cesar Andalou (Nov 3).
Win32: In 'fileencodings' allow using "acp" for the active codepage. Useful
value: "ucs-bom,utf-8,acp,latin1"
@ -375,7 +375,13 @@ name. (Charles Campbell)
Add gui_mch_browsedir() for Motif, KDE and Mac OS/X.
Install vim-it.1 manual page in .../man/it/man1/vim.1
Add Makefile code to install *-it.1 manual pages in .../man/it/man1/*.1
HTML indenting can be slow, find out why. Any way to do some kind of
profiling for Vim script?
Mac: problem with Xcode, Vim doesn't continue until the next click.
Apparently hanges in handle_drop(). A PostEvent() avoids it. (Da Woon Jung)
Vi incompatibility:
@ -1218,6 +1224,8 @@ Problems that will (probably) not be solved:
*extensions-improvements*
Documentation:
8 The GUI help should explain the Find and Find/Replace dialogs. Add a link
to it from ":promptrepl" and ":promptfind".
8 List of options should mention whether environment variables are expanded
or not.
8 Extend usr_27.txt a bit. (Adam Seyfarth)
@ -1308,8 +1316,10 @@ Folding:
8 "H" and "L" count buffer lines instead of window lines. (Servatius Brandt)
8 Add a way to add fold-plugins. Johannes Zellner has one for VB.
7 When using manual folding, the undo command should also restore folds.
- Allow completely hiding a closed fold. Require showing a character in
'foldcolumn' to avoid the missing line goes unnoticed.
- Allow completely hiding a closed fold. E.g., by setting 'foldtext' to an
empty string. Require showing a character in 'foldcolumn' to avoid the
missing line goes unnoticed.
How to implement this?
- When pressing the down arrow of a scrollbar, a closed fold doesn't scroll
until after a long time. How to make scrolling with closed folds
smoother?
@ -1317,15 +1327,14 @@ Folding:
using the wininfo in wi_folds.
- 'foldmethod' "textobject": fold on sections and paragraph text objects.
- Add 'hidecomment' option: don't display comments in /* */ and after //.
Or is the conceal patch from Vince Negri a more generic solution?
- "zu": undo change in manual fold. "zU" redo change in manual fold. How to
implement this?
- "zJ" command: add the line or fold below the fold in the fold under the
cursor.
- 'foldmethod' "syntax": "fold=3": set fold level for a region.
- Can set 'foldtext' to empty string: don't display any line. How to
implement this?
- Apply a new foldlevel to a range of lines. (Steve Litt)
- Have some way to restrict commands to not folded text. Also commands like
8 Have some way to restrict commands to not folded text. Also commands like
searches.
@ -1344,7 +1353,7 @@ Multi-byte characters:
the encoding. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> Or "charset=UTF-8"?
8 The quickfix file is read without conversion, thus in 'encoding'. Add an
option to specify the encoding of the errorfile and convert it. Also for
":grep".
":grep" and ":helpgrep".
8 When a file was converted from 'fileencoding' to 'encoding', a tag search
should also do this on the search pattern. (Andrzej M. Ostruszka)
7 When converting a file fails, mention which byte could not be converted,
@ -1717,8 +1726,8 @@ Performance:
this be improved?
8 Set default for 'ttyscroll' to half a screen height? Should speed up
MS-DOS version. (Negri)
7 C syntax highlighting gets a lot slower when adding a region for folding
from { to }. (Charles Campbell) Inserting a "{" is very slow. (dman)
7 C syntax highlighting gets a lot slower after ":set foldmethod=syntax".
(Charles Campbell) Inserting a "{" is very slow. (dman)
7 HTML syntax highlighting is slow for long lines. Try displaying
http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/22908.html. (Andre Pang)
7 Check how performance of loading the wordlist can be improved (adding a
@ -2064,7 +2073,7 @@ GUI:
7 Motif: For a confirm() dialog <Enter> should be ignored when no default
button selected, <Esc> should close the dialog.
- Motif steals <F10> from us, to pop up menus with the keyboard. How do we
get it back if we want it?
get it back if we want it? It's already solved for GTK.
- Paste in Insert mode should not do autowrap etc. Or maybe this should be
changeable with an option?
- Put a nice picture in the icon (but how do we do that?).
@ -3340,11 +3349,6 @@ Various improvements:
sufficient. ":setflush" resets the option stack?
How to handle an aborted mapping? Remember position in tag stack when
mapping starts, restore it when an error aborts the mapping?
- Use a builtin grep command for ":grep"? Makes it possible to add the
column number. Can use the code of ":helpgrep".
Also support using "**" in filename, so that a directory tree can be
searched.
Also see the "minigrep.vim" script on www.vim.org.
- Change ":fixdel" into option 'fixdel', t_del will be adjusted each time
t_bs is set? (Webb)
- "gc": goto character, move absolute character positions forward, also

78
runtime/doc/version7.txt
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
*version7.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Oct 12
*version7.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Dec 09
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ NEW FEATURES |new-7|
New data types |new-data-types|
KDE support |new-KDE|
Translated manual pages |new-manpage-trans|
Various new items |new-items-7|
IMPROVEMENTS |improvements-7|
@ -56,6 +57,10 @@ looks like its displayed, with the same folds open and closed. Use "zR" if no
folds should appear in the HTML. (partly by Carl Osterwisch)
Diff mode now is also converted as it is displayed.
Win32: The effect of the <F10> key depended on 'winaltkeys'. Now it depends
on whether <F10> has been mapped or not. This allows mapping <F10> without
changing 'winaltkeys'.
==============================================================================
NEW FEATURES *new-7*
@ -95,6 +100,13 @@ The 'printmbcharset' and 'printmbfont' options are used for this.
Also see |postscript-cjk-printing|. (Mike Williams)
Translated manual pages *new-manpage-trans*
-----------------------
The manual page of Vim and associated programs is now also available in
Italian (translated by Antonio Colombo). More languages will follow.
Various new items *new-items-7*
-----------------
@ -115,6 +127,8 @@ Options: ~
'mzquantum' Time in msec to schedule MzScheme threads.
'printmbcharset' CJK character set to be used for :hardcopy
'printmbfont' font names to be used for CJK output of :hardcopy
'fsync' Whether fsync() is called after writing a file.
(Ciaran McCreesh)
Ex commands: ~
@ -187,6 +201,8 @@ SQL-Informix syntax file. (Dean L Hill)
PHP compiler plugin. (Doug Kearns)
Sive syntax file. (Nikolai Weibull)
New Keymaps: ~
@ -210,6 +226,10 @@ Mac: GUI font selector. (Peter "Rain Dog" Cucka)
The netrw plugin now also supports viewing a directory, when "scp://" is used.
Deleting and renaming files is possible. (Charles Campbell)
Added the t_SI and t_EI escape sequences for starting and ending Insert mode.
To be used to set the cursor shape to a bar or a block. No default values,
they are not supported by termcap/terminfo.
==============================================================================
IMPROVEMENTS *improvements-7*
@ -267,6 +287,17 @@ the tcl interpreter. (suggested by Alexios Zavras)
Support conversion between utf-8 and latin9 (iso-8859-15) internally, so that
digraphs still work when iconv is not available.
When a session file is loaded while editing an unnamed, empty buffer that
buffer is wiped out. Avoids that there is an unused buffer in the buffer
list.
Win32: When libintl.dll supports bind_textdomain_codeset(), use it.
(NAKADAIRA Yukihiro)
When foldtext() finds no text after removing the comment leader, use the
second line of the fold. Helps for C-style /* */ comments where the first
line is just "/*".
==============================================================================
COMPILE TIME CHANGES *compile-changes-7*
@ -421,4 +452,49 @@ directory for the library early in the link flags.
With the GUI find/replace dialog a replace only worked if the pattern was
literal text. Now it works for any pattern.
When 'equalalways' is set and 'eadirection' is "hor", ":quit" would still
cause equalizing window heights in the vertical direction.
When ":emenu" is used in a startup script the command was put in the typeahead
buffer, causing a prompt for the crypt key to be messed up.
Mac OS/X: The default for 'isprint' included characters 128-160, causes
problems for Terminal.app.
When a syntax item with "containedin" is used, it may match in the start or
end of a region with a matchgroup, while this doesn't happen for a "contains"
argument.
When a transparent syntax items matches in another item where the highlighting
has already stopped (because of a he= argument), the highlighting would come
back.
When cscope is used to set the quickfix error list, it didn't get set if there
was only one match. (Sergey Khorev)
When 'confirm' is set and using ":bdel" in a modified buffer, then selecting
"cancel", would still give an error message.
The PopUp menu items that started Visual mode didn't work when not in Normal
mode. Switching between selecting a word and a line was not possible.
Win32: The keypad decimal point always resulted in a '.', while on some
keyboards it's a ','. Use MapVirtualKey(VK_DECIMAL, 2).
Removed unused function DisplayCompStringOpaque() from gui_w32.c
In Visual mode there is not always an indication whether the line break is
selected or not. Highlight the character after the line when the line break
is included, e.g., after "v$o".
GTK: The <F10> key can't be mapped, it selects the menu. Disable that with a
GTK setting and do select the menu when <F10> isn't mapped. (David Necas)
After "Y" '[ and '] were not at start/end of the yanked text.
When a telnet connection is dropped Vim preserves files and exits. While
doing that a SIGHUP may arrive and disturbe us, thus ignore it. (Scott
Anderson) Also postpone SIGHUP until it's safe to handle. Added
handle_sighup().
vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:

558
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@ -0,0 +1,558 @@
.TH VIM 1 "22 febbraio 2002"
.SH NOME
vim \- VI Migliorato, un editor di testi per programmatori
.SH SINTASSI
.br
.B vim
[opzioni] [file ..]
.br
.B vim
[opzioni] -
.br
.B vim
[opzioni] \-t tag
.br
.B vim
[opzioni] \-q [file_errori]
.PP
.br
.B ex
.br
.B view
.br
.B gvim
.B gview
.B evim
.B eview
.br
.B rvim
.B rview
.B rgvim
.B rgview
.SH DESCRIZIONE
.B Vim
Un editore di testi, compatibile con, e migliore di, Vi.
Pu<EFBFBD> essere usato per editare qualsiasi file di testo.
Particolarmente utile per editare programmi.
.PP
Ci sono parecchi miglioramenti rispetto a Vi: undo multipli,
finestre e buffer multipli, evidenziazione sintattica, possibilit<69>
di modificare la linea di comando, completamento nomi file, help
in linea, selezione testi in modalit<69> visuale, etc..
Vedere ":help vi_diff.txt" per un sommario delle differenze fra
.B Vim
e Vi.
.PP
Mentre usate
.B Vim
potete ricevere molto aiuto dal sistema di help online, col comando ":help".
Vedere qui sotto la sezione AIUTO ONLINE.
.PP
Quasi sempre
.B Vim
viene invocato, per modificare un file, col comando
.PP
vim file
.PP
Pi<EFBFBD> in generale
.B Vim
viene invocato con:
.PP
vim [opzioni] [lista_file]
.PP
Se lista_file non <20> presente, l'editor inizia aprendo un buffer vuoto.
Altrimenti, una e una sola delle quattro maniere indicate qui sotto pu<70>
essere usata per scegliere uno o pi<70> file da modificare.
.TP 12
file ..
Una lista di nomi di file.
Il primo di questi sar<61> il file corrente, e verr<72> letto nel buffer.
Il cursore sar<61> posizionato sulla prima linea del buffer.
Potete arrivare agli altri file col comando ":next".
Per editare un file il cui nome inizia per "-" premettete "--" alla
lista_file.
.TP
-
Il file da editare <20> letto dallo "stdin" [di solito, ma non
necessriamente, il terminale - NdT]. I comandi sono letti da "stderr",
che dovrebbe essere un terminale [tty].
.TP
-t {tag}
Il file da editare e la posizione iniziale del cursore dipendono da "tag",
una specie di "etichetta" a cui saltare.
{tag} viene cercata nel file tags, ed il file ad essa associato diventa
quello corrente, ed il comando ad essa associato viene eseguito.
Di solito si usa per programmi C, nel qual caso {tag} potrebbe essere un
nome di funzione.
L'effetto <20> che il file contenente quella funzione diventa il file corrente
e il cursore <20> posizionato all'inizio della funzione.
Vedere ":help tag-commands".
.TP
-q [file_errori]
Inizia nella modalit<69> quickFix [correzione veloce].
Il file [file_errori] <20> letto e il primo errore <20> visualizzato.
Se [file_errori] non <20> indicato, il suo nome <20> ottenuto dal valore
dell'opzione 'errorfile' (che, se non specificata, vale "AztecC.Err"
per l'Amiga, "errors.err" su altri sistemi).
Si pu<70> saltare all'errore successivo col comando ":cn".
Vedere ":help quickfix".
.PP
.B Vim
si comporta in modo diverso se invocato con nomi differenti (il programma
eseguibile "sottostante" pu<70> essere sempre lo stesso).
.TP 10
vim
Modalit<EFBFBD> "Normal", comportamento normale.
.TP
ex
Inizia in modalit<69> "Ex".
Si pu<70> passare in modalit<69> "Normal" col comandi ":vi".
Si pu<70> invocare la modalit<69> "Ex" anche con l'argomento "-e".
.TP
view
Inizia in modalit<69> "Sola Lettura". Non potete modificare i file.
Si pu<70> invocare la modalit<69> "Sola Lettura" anche con l'argomento "-R".
.TP
gvim gview
La versione GUI [Graphical User Interface].
Apre una nuova finestra.
Si pu<70> invocare la modalit<69> "GUI" anche con l'argomento "-g".
.TP
evim eview
La versione GUI in modalit<69> "Facile" (semplificata).
Apre una nuova finestra.
Si pu<70> invocare la modalit<69> "Facile" anche con l'argomento "-y".
.TP
rvim rview rgvim rgview
Come sopra, ma con restrizioni ai comandi. Non si potrnno eseguire comandi
dello shell o sospendere
.B Vim.
Si pu<70> invocare la modalit<69> "Ristretta" anche con l'argomento "-Z".
.SH OPZIONI
Le opzioni possono essere in un ordine qualsiasi, prima o dopo i nomi di
file. Opzioni che non necessitano un argomento possono essere raggruppate
dietro a un solo "-".
.TP 12
+[numero]
Per il primo file il cursore sar<61> posizionato sulla linea "numero".
Se "numero" manca, il cursore sar<61> posizionato sull'ultima linea del file.
.TP
+/{espressione}
Per il primo file il cursore sar<61> posizionato alla
prima occorrenza di {espressione}.
Vedere ":help search-pattern" per come specificare l'espressione.
.TP
+{comando}
.TP
-c {comando}
{comando} sar<61> eseguito dopo che il
primo file <20> stato letto.
{comando} <20> interpretato come un comando Ex.
Se il {comando} contiene spazi deve essere incluso fra doppi apici
(o altro delimitatore, a seconda dello shell che si sta usando).
Esempio: Vim "+set si" main.c
.br
Note: Si possono avere fino a 10 comandi "+" o "-c".
.TP
-S {file}
I comandi contenuti in {file} sono eseguiti dopo la lettura del primo file.
Equivalente a -c "source {file}".
{file} non pu<70> avere un nome che inizia per '-'.
Se {file} <20> omesso si usa "Session.vim" (funziona solo se -S <20> l'ultimo
argomento specificato).
.TP
--cmd {comando}
Come "-c", ma il comando <20> eseguito PRIMA
di eseguire qualsiasi file vimrc.
Si possono usare fino a 10 di questi comandi, indipendentemente dai comandi
"-c".
.TP
-A
Se
.B Vim
<EFBFBD> stato compilato con supporto ARABIC per editare file con orientamento
destra-sinistra e tastiera con mappatura Araba, questa opzione inizia
.B Vim
in modalit<69> "Arabic", cio<69> impostando 'arabic'.
Altrimenti viene dato un messaggio di errore e
.B Vim
termina in modo anormale.
.TP
-b
Modalit<EFBFBD> "Binaria".
Vengono impostate alcune opzioni che permettono di modificare un file
binario o un programma eseguibile.
.TP
-C
Compatibile. Imposta l'opzione 'compatible'.
In questo modo
.B Vim
ha quasi lo stesso comportamento di Vi, anche in presenza di un file
di configurazione .vimrc [proprio di Vim - NdT].
.TP
-d
Inizia in modalit<69> "Diff" [differenze].
Dovrebbero esserci come argomenti due o tre nomi di file.
.B Vim
aprir<EFBFBD> tutti i file evidenziando le differenze fra gli stessi.
Funziona come vimdiff(1).
.TP
-d {dispositivo}
Apre {dispositivo} per usarlo come terminale.
Solo per l'Amiga.
Esempio:
"\-d con:20/30/600/150".
.TP
-D
Debugging. Vim si mette in modalit<69> "debugging" a partire
dall'esecuzione del primo comando da uno script.
.TP
-e
Eseguire
.B Vim
in modalit<69> "Ex", come se il programma eseguito sia "ex".
.TP
-E
Eseguire
.B Vim
in modalit<69> "Ex" migliorata, come se il programma eseguito sia "exim".
.TP
-f
Direttamente [Foreground]. Per la versione GUI,
.B Vim
non crea [fork] una nuova finestra, indipendente dallo shell di invocazione.
Per l'Amiga,
.B Vim
non <20> fatto ripartire per aprire una nuova finestra.
Opzione da usare quando
.B Vim
<EFBFBD> eseguito da un programma che attende la fine della
sessione di edit (ad es. mail).
Sull'Amiga i comandi ":sh" e ":!" non sono disponibili.
.TP
--nofork
Direttamente [Foreground]. Per la versione GUI,
.B Vim
non crea [fork] una nuova finestra, indipendente dallo shell di invocazione.
.TP
-F
Se
.B Vim
<EFBFBD> stato compilato con supporto FKMAP per editare file con orientamento
destra-sinistra e tastiera con mappatura Farsi, questa opzione inizia
.B Vim
in modalit<69> "Farsi", cio<69> impostando 'fkmap' e 'rightleft'.
Altrimenti viene dato un messaggio di errore e
.B Vim
termina in modo anormale.
.TP
-g
Se
.B Vim
<EFBFBD> stato compilato con supporto GUI, questa opzione chiede di usarla.
Se Vim <20> stato compilato senza supporto GUI viene dato un messaggio di errore e
.B Vim
termina in modo anormale.
.TP
-h
Un po' di aiuto su opzioni e argomenti che si possono dare invocando Vim.
Subito dopo
.B Vim
esce.
.TP
-H
Se
.B Vim
<EFBFBD> stato compilato col supporto RIGHTLEFT per editare file con orientamento
destra-sinistra e tastiera con mappatura Ebraica, questa opzione inizia
.B Vim
in modalit<69> "Ebraica", cio<69> impostando 'hkmap' e 'rightleft'.
Altrimenti viene dato un messaggio di errore e
.B Vim
termina in modo anormale.
.TP
-i {viminfo}
Se <20> abilitato l'uso di un file viminfo, questa opzione indica il nome
del file da usare invece di quello predefinito "~/.viminfo".
Si pu<70> anche evitare l'uso di un file .viminfo, dando come nome "NONE".
.TP
-L
Equivalente a -r.
.TP
-l
Modalit<EFBFBD> Lisp.
Imposta le opzini 'lisp' e 'showmatch'.
.TP
-m
Inibisce modifica file.
Annulla l'opzione 'write'.
E' ancora possibile modificare un buffer [in memoria - Ndt], ma non scriverlo.
.TP
-M
Modifiche non permesse. Le opzioni 'modifiable' e 'write' sono annullate,
in modo da impedire sia modifiche che riscritture. Da notare che queste
opzioni possono essere abilitate in seguito, permettendo cos<6F> modifiche.
.TP
-N
Modalit<EFBFBD> "Non-compatibile". Annulla l'opzione 'compatible'.
Cos<EFBFBD>
.B Vim
va un po' meglio, ma <20> meno compatibile con Vi, anche in assenza di un
file .vimrc.
.TP
-n
Inibisce l'uso di un file di swap.
Il recupero dopo una caduta di macchina diventa impossibile.
Utile per editare un file su un supporto molto lento (ad es. floppy).
Il comando ":set uc=0" ha lo stesso effetto.
Per abilitare il recupero usare ":set uc=200".
.TP
-nb
Diviene un Editor server per NetBeans. Vedere la documentazione per dettagli.
.TP
-o[N]
Apri N finestre in orizzontale.
Se N manca, apri una finestra per ciascun file.
.TP
-O[N]
Apri N finestre, in verticale.
Se N manca, apri una finestra per ciascun file.
.TP
-R
Modalit<EFBFBD> "Sola Lettura".
Imposta l'opzione 'readonly'.
Si pu<70> ancora modificare il buffer, ma siete protetti da una riscrittura
involontaria.
Se volete davvero riscrivere il file, aggiungete un punto esclamativo
al comando "Ex", come in ":w!".
L'opzione -R implica anche l'opzione -n (vedere sotto).
L'opzione 'readonly' pu<70> essere annullata con ":set noro".
Vedere ":help 'readonly'".
.TP
-r
Lista file di swap, assieme a dati utili per un recupero.
.TP
-r {file}
Modalit<EFBFBD> "Recovery".
Il file di swap <20> usato per recuperare una sessione di edit finita male.
Il file di swap <20> un file con lo stesso nome file del file di testo
editato, col suffisso ".swp".
Vedere ":help recovery".
.TP
-s
Modalit<EFBFBD> silenziosa. Solo quando invocato come "Ex" o quando l'opzione
"-e" <20> stata data prima dell'opzione "-s".
.TP
-s {scriptin}
Lo script file {scriptin} <20> letto.
I caratteri nel file sono interpretati come se immessi da voi.
Lo stesso si pu<70> ottenere col comando ":source! {scriptin}".
Se la fine del file di input viene raggiunta prima che Vim termini,
l'ulteriore input viene preso dalla tastiera.
.TP
-T {terminale}
Dice a
.B Vim
quale tipo di terminale state usando.
Utile solo se il terminale non viene riconosciuto correttamente da Vim.
Dovrebbe essere un terminale noto a
.B Vim
(internamente) o definito nel file termcap o terminfo.
.TP
-u {vimrc}
Usa i comandi nel file {vimrc} per inizializzazioni.
Tutte le altre inizializzazioni non sono eseguite.
Usate questa opzione per editare qualche file di tipo speciale.
Pu<EFBFBD> anche essere usato per non fare alcuna inizializzazione dando
come nome "NONE".
Vedere ":help initialization" da vim per ulteriori dettagli.
.TP
-U {gvimrc}
Usa i comandi nel file {gvimrc} per inizializzazioni GUI.
Tutte le altre inizializzazioni GUI non sono eseguite.
Pu<EFBFBD> anche essere usata per non fare alcuna inizializzazione GUI dando
come nome "NONE".
Vedere ":help gui-init" da vim per ulteriori dettagli.
.TP
-V[N]
Verboso. Vim manda messaggi relativi agli script file che esegue
e quando legge o scrive un file viminfo. Il numero opzionale N <20> il valore
dell'opzione 'verbose'.
Il valore predefinito <20> 10.
.TP
-v
Inizia
.B Vim
in modalit<69> "Vi", come se il programma eseguibile fosse "vi". Questo ha
effetto solo quando Vim viene invocato con il nome "ex".
.TP
-w {scriptout}
Ogni carattere immesso viene registrato nel file {scriptout},
finch<EFBFBD> non uscite da
.B Vim.
Utile se si vuole creare uno script file da usare con "vim -s" o
":source!".
Se il file {scriptout} esiste, quel che immettete viene aggiunto in fondo.
.TP
-W {scriptout}
Come -w, ma uno script file esistente viene sovrascritto.
.TP
-x
Uso di cifratura nella scrittura dei file. E' necessario immettere
una chiave di cifratura.
.TP
-X
Non connetterti al server X. Vim parte pi<70> rapidamente,
ma il titolo della finestra e la clipboard non sono disponibili.
.TP
-y
Eseguire
.B Vim
in modalit<69> "Facile" (semplificata), come se l'eseguibile invocato
sia "evim" o "eview".
Fa s<> che
.B Vim
si comporti come un editor che usa solo il mouse e i caratteri.
.TP
-Z
Modalit<EFBFBD> "Ristretta". Vim si comporta come se invocato con un nome
che inizia per "r".
.TP
--
Specifica la fine delle opzioni.
Argomenti specificati dopo questo sono considerati nomi file.
Si pu<70> usare per editare un file il cui nome inizi per '-'.
.TP
--echo-wid
Solo con GUI GTK: Visualizza Window ID su "stdout".
.TP
--help
Vim d<> un messaggio ed esce, come con l'argomento "-h".
.TP
--literal
Considera i nomi passati come argomenti letterai, senza espandere
metacaratteri. Non necessario in Unix, lo shell espande i metacaratteri.
.TP
--noplugin
Non caricare plugin. Implicito se si specifica -u NONE.
.TP
--remote
Connettersi a un server Vim e chiedere di editare i file elencati come altri
argomenti. Se non si trova un server viene dato un messaggio e i file sono
editati nel Vim corrente.
.TP
--remote-expr {expr}
Connettersi a un server Vim, valutare ivi {expr} e stampare il risultatoi
su "stdout".
.TP
--remote-send {chiavi}
Connettersi a un server Vim e spedirgli {chiavi}.
.TP
--remote-silent
Come --remote, ma senza avvisare se non si trova un server.
.TP
--remote-wait
Come --remote, ma Vim non termina finch<63> i file non sono stati editati.
.TP
--remote-wait-silent
Come --remote-wait, ma senza avvisare se non si trova un server.
.TP
--serverlist
Lista i nomi di tutti i server Vim disponibili.
.TP
--servername {nome}
Usa {nome} come nome server. Usato per il Vim corrente, a meno che sia
usato con l'argomento --remote, nel qual caso indica il server a cui
connettersi.
.TP
--socketid {id}
Solo con GUI GTK: Usa il meccanismo GtkPlug per eseguire gvim in un'altra
finestra.
.TP
--version
Stampa la versione di Vim ed esci.
.SH AIUTO ONLINE
Battere ":help" in
.B Vim
per iniziare.
Battere ":help argomento" per ricevere aiuto su uno specifico argomento.
Per esempio: ":help ZZ" per ricevere aiuto sul comando "ZZ".
Usare <Tab> e CTRL-D per completare gli argomenti
(":help cmdline-completion").
Ci sono "tag" nei file di help per saltare da un argomento a un altro
(simili a legami ipertestuali, vedere ":help").
Tutti i file di documentazione possono essere navigati cos<6F>. Ad es.:
":help syntax.txt".
.SH FILE
.TP 15
/usr/local/lib/vim/doc/*.txt
I file di cocumentaziona di
.B Vim
.
Usate ":help doc-file-list" per avere la lista completa.
.TP
/usr/local/lib/vim/doc/tags
Il file di tags usato per trovare informazioni nei file di documentazione.
.TP
/usr/local/lib/vim/syntax/syntax.vim
Inizializzazioni sintattiche a livello di sistema.
.TP
/usr/local/lib/vim/syntax/*.vim
File di colorazione sintattica per vari linguaggi.
.TP
/usr/local/lib/vim/vimrc
Inizializzazioni
.B Vim
a livello di sistema.
.TP
/usr/local/lib/vim/gvimrc
Inizializzazioni gvim a livello di sistema.
.TP
/usr/local/lib/vim/optwin.vim
Script Vim usato dal comando ":options", un modo semplice
per visualizzare e impostare opzioni.
.TP
/usr/local/lib/vim/menu.vim
Inzializzazioni del menu gvim a livello di sistema.
.TP
/usr/local/lib/vim/bugreport.vim
Script Vim per generare una segnalazione di errore. Vedere ":help bugs".
.TP
/usr/local/lib/vim/filetype.vim
Script Vim per determinare il tipo di un file a partire dal suo nome.
Vedere ":help 'filetype'".
.TP
/usr/local/lib/vim/scripts.vim
Script Vim per determinare il tipo di un file a partire dal suo contenuto.
Vedere ":help 'filetype'".
.TP
/usr/local/lib/vim/*.ps
File usati per stampa PostScript.
.PP
Per informazioni aggiornate [in inglese - NdT] vedere la home page di Vim:
.br
<URL:http://www.vim.org/>
.SH VEDERE ANCHE
vimtutor(1)
.SH AUTORE
Buona parte di
.B Vim
<EFBFBD> stato scritto da Bram Moolenaar, con molto aiuto da altri.
Vedere ":help credits" in
.B Vim.
.br
.B Vim
<EFBFBD> basato su Stevie, scritto da: Tim Thompson,
Tony Andrews e G.R. (Fred) Walter.
In verit<69>, poco o nulla <20> rimasto del loro codice originale.
.SH BACHI
Probabili.
Vedere ":help todo" per una lista di problemi noti.
.PP
Si noti che un certo numero di comportamenti che possono essere considerati
errori da qualcuno, sono in effetti causati da una riproduzione fin troppo
fedele del comportamento di Vi.
Se ritenete che altre cose siano errori "perch<63> Vi si comporta diversamente",
date prima un'occhiata al file vi_diff.txt
(o battere :help vi_diff.txt da Vim).
Date anche un'occhiata alle opzioni 'compatible' e 'cpoptions.

51
runtime/doc/vim.man
View File

@ -279,8 +279,8 @@ OPTIONS
-W {scriptout}
Like -w, but an existing file is overwritten.
-x Use encryption when writing files. Will prompt for a
crypt key.
-x Use encryption when writing files. Will prompt for a crypt
key.
-X Don't connect to the X server. Shortens startup time in a
terminal, but the window title and clipboard will not be
@ -297,12 +297,13 @@ OPTIONS
be handled as a file name. This can be used to edit a
filename that starts with a '-'.
--echo-wid GTK GUI only: Echo the Window ID on stdout
--echo-wid GTK GUI only: Echo the Window ID on stdout.
--help Give a help message and exit, just like "-h".
--literal Take file name arguments literally, do not expand wild-
cards. Not needed on Unix, the shell expand wildcards.
cards. This has no effect on Unix where the shell expands
wildcards.
--noplugin Skip loading plugins. Implied by -u NONE.
@ -311,18 +312,18 @@ OPTIONS
is given and the files are edited in the current Vim.
--remote-expr {expr}
Connect to a Vim server, evaluate {expr} in it and print
Connect to a Vim server, evaluate {expr} in it and print
the result on stdout.
--remote-send {keys}
Connect to a Vim server and send {keys} to it.
--remote-silent
As --remote, but without the warning when no server is
As --remote, but without the warning when no server is
found.
--remote-wait
As --remote, but Vim does not exit until the files have
As --remote, but Vim does not exit until the files have
been edited.
--remote-wait-silent
@ -333,31 +334,31 @@ OPTIONS
List the names of all Vim servers that can be found.
--servername {name}
Use {name} as the server name. Used for the current Vim,
Use {name} as the server name. Used for the current Vim,
unless used with a --remote argument, then it's the name of
the server to connect to.
--socketid {id}
GTK GUI only: Use the GtkPlug mechanism to run gvim in
GTK GUI only: Use the GtkPlug mechanism to run gvim in
another window.
--version Print version information and exit.
ON-LINE HELP
Type ":help" in Vim to get started. Type ":help subject" to get help
on a specific subject. For example: ":help ZZ" to get help for the
"ZZ" command. Use <Tab> and CTRL-D to complete subjects (":help cmd-
line-completion"). Tags are present to jump from one place to another
Type ":help" in Vim to get started. Type ":help subject" to get help
on a specific subject. For example: ":help ZZ" to get help for the
"ZZ" command. Use <Tab> and CTRL-D to complete subjects (":help cmd-
line-completion"). Tags are present to jump from one place to another
(sort of hypertext links, see ":help"). All documentation files can be
viewed in this way, for example ":help syntax.txt".
FILES
/usr/local/lib/vim/doc/*.txt
The Vim documentation files. Use ":help doc-file-list"
The Vim documentation files. Use ":help doc-file-list"
to get the complete list.
/usr/local/lib/vim/doc/tags
The tags file used for finding information in the docu-
The tags file used for finding information in the docu-
mentation files.
/usr/local/lib/vim/syntax/syntax.vim
@ -373,7 +374,7 @@ FILES
System wide gvim initializations.
/usr/local/lib/vim/optwin.vim
Script used for the ":options" command, a nice way to
Script used for the ":options" command, a nice way to
view and set options.
/usr/local/lib/vim/menu.vim
@ -383,11 +384,11 @@ FILES
Script to generate a bug report. See ":help bugs".
/usr/local/lib/vim/filetype.vim
Script to detect the type of a file by its name. See
Script to detect the type of a file by its name. See
":help 'filetype'".
/usr/local/lib/vim/scripts.vim
Script to detect the type of a file by its contents.
Script to detect the type of a file by its contents.
See ":help 'filetype'".
/usr/local/lib/vim/*.ps
@ -402,17 +403,17 @@ SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
Most of Vim was made by Bram Moolenaar, with a lot of help from others.
See ":help credits" in Vim.
Vim is based on Stevie, worked on by: Tim Thompson, Tony Andrews and
G.R. (Fred) Walter. Although hardly any of the original code remains.
Vim is based on Stevie, worked on by: Tim Thompson, Tony Andrews and
G.R. (Fred) Walter. Although hardly any of the original code remains.
BUGS
Probably. See ":help todo" for a list of known problems.
Note that a number of things that may be regarded as bugs by some, are
in fact caused by a too-faithful reproduction of Vi's behaviour. And
if you think other things are bugs "because Vi does it differently",
you should take a closer look at the vi_diff.txt file (or type :help
vi_diff.txt when in Vim). Also have a look at the 'compatible' and
Note that a number of things that may be regarded as bugs by some, are
in fact caused by a too-faithful reproduction of Vi's behaviour. And
if you think other things are bugs "because Vi does it differently",
you should take a closer look at the vi_diff.txt file (or type :help
vi_diff.txt when in Vim). Also have a look at the 'compatible' and
'cpoptions' options.

48
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@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
.TH VIMDIFF 1 "30 marzo 2001"
.SH NOME
vimdiff \- modifica due o tre versioni di un file con Vim, visualizzando le
differenze
.SH SINTASSI
.br
.B vimdiff
[opzioni] file1 file2 [file3]
.PP
.B gvimdiff
.SH DESCRIZIONE
.B Vimdiff
inizia
.B Vim
per due (o tre) file.
Ogni file ha una sua finestra.
Le differenze fra file sono evidenziate.
E' una maniera elegante per controllare modifiche e portare modifiche
verso un'altra versione dello stesso file.
.PP
Vedere vim(1) per dettagli su Vim in generale.
.PP
Se iniziato con
.B gvimdiff
la GUI sar<61> utilizzata, se disponibile.
.PP
In ogni finestra l'opzione 'diff' <20> impostata, evidenziando cos<6F> le
differenze.
.br
Le opzioni 'wrap' e 'scrollbind' sono impostate per migliorare la
visibilit<EFBFBD> del testo.
.br
L'opzione 'foldmethod' <20> impostata al valore "diff", che mette gruppi di
linee uguali fra i diversi file in una piegatura. 'foldcolumn' <20> impostato
a due per poter facilmente visualizzare le piegature, aprirle e chiuderle.
.SH OPZIONI
Lo schermo <20> diviso verticalmente, come se aveste usato l'opzione "-O".
Per dividerlo orizzontalmente, usare l'opzione "-o".
.PP
Per tutte le altre opzioni, vedere vim(1).
.SH VEDERE ANCHE
vim(1)
.SH AUTORE
Buona parte di
.B Vim
<EFBFBD> stato scritto da Bram Moolenaar, con molto aiuto da altri.
Vedere ":help credits" in
.B Vim.

54
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@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
.TH VIMTUTOR 1 "2001 April 2"
.SH NOME
vimtutor \- the Vim tutor
.SH SINTASSI
.br
.B vimtutor [lingua]
.SH DESCRIZIONE
.B Vimtutor
inizia il
.B Vim
tutor.
It copies the tutor file first, so that it can be modified without changing
the original file.
.PP
The
.B Vimtutor
is useful for people that want to learn their first
.B Vim
commands.
.PP
The optional [language] argument is the two-letter name of a language, like
"it" or "es".
If the [language] argument is missing, the language of the current locale will
be used.
If a tutor in this language is available, it will be used.
Otherwise the English version will be used.
.PP
.B Vim
is always started in Vi compatible mode.
.SH FILE
.TP 15
/usr/local/lib/vim/tutor/tutor[.language]
The
.B Vimtutor
text file(s).
.TP 15
/usr/local/lib/vim/tutor/tutor.vim
The Vim script used to copy the
.B Vimtutor
text file.
.SH AUTORE
The
.B Vimtutor
<EFBFBD> stato scritto in origine per Vi da Michael C. Pierce e Robert K. Ware,
Colorado School of Mines, usando idee fornite da Charles Smith,
Colorado State University.
E-mail: bware@mines.colorado.edu.
.br
E' stato modificato per
.B Vim
da Bram Moolenaar.
Per i nomi dei traduttori, vedere i file usati nelle rispettive lingue.
.SH VEDERE ANCHE
vim(1)

402
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@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
.TH XXD 1 "Agosto 1996" "Pagina di manuale per xxd"
.\"
.\" 21 Maggio 1996
.\" Autore della pagina di manuale:
.\" Tony Nugent <tony@sctnugen.ppp.gu.edu.au> <T.Nugent@sct.gu.edu.au>
.\" Modificato da Bram Moolenaar <Bram@vim.org>
.SH NOME
.I xxd
\- Produce esadecimale da un file binario o viceversa.
.SH SINTASSI
.B xxd
\-h[elp]
.br
.B xxd
[opzioni] [input_file [output_file]]
.br
.B xxd
\-r[evert] [opzioni] [input_file [output_file]]
.SH DESCRIZIONE
.I xxd
crea un'immagine esadecimale di un dato file o dello "standard input".
Pu<EFBFBD> anche ottenere da un'immagine esadecimale il file binario originale.
Come
.BR uuencode(1)
e
.BR uudecode(1)
permette di trasmettere dati binari in una rapresentazione ASCII "a prova
di email", ma ha anche il vantaggio di poter decodificare sullo "standard
output". Inoltre, pu<70> essere usato per effettuare delle modifiche (patch)
a file binari.
.SH OPZIONI
Se non si specifica un
.I input_file
il programma legge dallo "standard input".
Se
.I input_file
<EFBFBD> specificato come il carattere
.RB \` \- '
, l'input <20> letto dallo "standard input".
Se non si specifica un
.I output_file
(o si mette al suo posto il carattere
.RB \` \- '
), i risultati sono inviati allo "standard output".
.PP
Si noti che la scansione dei caratteri <20> "pigra", e non controlla oltre
la prima lettera dell'opzione, a meno che l'opzione sia seguita da un
parametro.
Gli spazi fra una singola lettera di opzione e il corrispondente parametro
dopo di essa sono facoltativi.
I parametri delle opzioni possono essere specificati usando la notazione
decimale, esadecimale oppure ottale.
Pertanto
.BR \-c8 ,
.BR "\-c 8" ,
.B \-c 010
e
.B \-cols 8
sono notazioni equivalenti fra loro.
.PP
.TP
.IR \-a " | " \-autoskip
Richiesta di autoskip: Un singolo '*' rimpiazza linee di zeri binari.
Valore predefinito: off.
.TP
.IR \-b " | " \-bits
Richiesta di una immagine binaria (cifre binarie), invece che esadecimale.
Questa opzione scrive un byte come otto cifre "1" e "0" invece di usare i
numeri esadecimali. Ogni linea <20> preceduta da un indirizzo in esadecimale e
seguita da una decodifica ascii (o ebcdic). Le opzioni specificabili dalla
linea comando \-r, \-p, \-i non funzionano in questo modo.
.TP
.IR "\-c colonne " | " \-cols colonne"
.IR "\-c colonne " | " \-cols colonne"
In ogni linea sono formattate
.RI < colonne >
colonne. Valore predefinito 16 (\-i: 12, \-ps: 30, \-b: 6).
Valore massimo 256.
.TP
.IR \-E " | " \-EBCDIC
Cambia la codifica della colonna di destra da ASCII a EBCDIC.
Questo non modifica la rappresentazione esadecimale. Non ha senso
specificare questa opzione in combinazione con \-r, \-p o \-i.
.TP
.IR "\-g bytes " | " \-groupsize bytes"
Inserisci ogni
.RI < bytes >
bytes di output (di due caratteri esadecimali o otto numeri binari ognuno)
uno spazio bianco.
Specificando
.I \-g 0
i bytes di output non sono separati da alcuno spazio.
.RI < Bytes "> ha come valore predefinito " 2
in modalit<69> normale [esadecimale] e \fI1\fP in modalit<69> binaria.
Il raggruppamento non si applica agli stili "PostScript" e "include".
.TP
.IR \-h " | " \-help
stampa un sommario dei comandi disponibili ed esce. Non viene fatto
null'altro.
.TP
.IR \-i " | " \-include
L'output <20> nello stile dei file "include" in C. Viene preparata la
definizione completa di un "array" [vettore], dandogli il nome del
file di input), tranne che nel caso in cui xxd legga dallo "standard input".
.TP
.IR "\-l lunghezza " | " \-len lunghezza"
Il programma esce dopo aver scritto
.RI < lunghezza >
bytes.
.TP
.IR \-p " | " \-ps " | " \-postscript " | " \-plain
L'output <20> nello stile di un dump continuo sotto postscript.
Noto anche come stile esadecimale semplice [plain].
.TP
.IR \-r " | " \-revert
ricostruzione: converte (o mette una patch) a partire dall'immagine
esadecimale, creando [o modificando] il file binario.
Se non diretto allo "standard output", xxd scrive nel suo file di output
in maniera continua, senza interruzioni. Usare la combinazione
.I \-r \-p
per leggere dump in stile esadecimale semplice [plain], senza l'informazione
di numero di linea e senza un particolare tracciato di colonna. Degli spazi
o delle linee vuote possono essere inserite a piacere [e vengono ingorate].
.TP
.I \-seek distanza
Usato con l'opzione
.I \-r
: (ricostruzione),
.RI < distanza >
viene aggiunta alla posizione nel file trovata nella immagine
esadecimale.
.TP
.I \-s [\+][\-]seek
Inizia a
.RI < seek >
bytes assoluti (o relativi) di distanza all'interno di input_file.
\fI\+ \fRindica che il "seek" <20> relativo alla posizione corrente nel file
"standard input" (non significativa quando non si legge da "standard input").
\fI\- \fRindica che il "seek" dovrebbe posizionarsi ad quel numero di
caratteri dalla fine dell'input (o se in combinazione con
\fI \+ \fR: prime della posizione corrente nel file "standard input").
Se non si specifica una opzione \-s option, xxd inizia alla posizione
corrente all'interno del file.
.TP
.I \-u
usa lettere esadecimali maiuscole. Il valore predefinito <20> di usare
lettere minuscole.
.TP
.IR \-v " | " \-version
visualizza la stringa contenente la versione del programma.
.SH ATTENZIONE
.PP
.I xxd \-r
<EFBFBD> capace di operare "magie" nell'utilizzare l'informazione "numero di linea".
Se sul file di output ci si pu<70> posizionare usando la "seek", il numero di
linea all'inizio di ogni riga esadecimale pu<70> essere non ordinato, delle
linee possono mancare delle linee, oppure esserci delle sovrapposizioni.
In simili casi xxd user<65> lseek(2) per raggiungere la posizione d'inizio.
Se il file di output non consente di usare "seek", sono permessi solo dei
"buchi", che saranno riempiti con zeri binari.
.PP
.I xxd \-r
non genera mai errori di specifica parametri. I parametri non riconosciuti
sono silenziosamente ignorati.
.PP
Nel modificare immagini esadecimali, tenete conto che
.I xxd \-r
salta il resto della linea, dopo aver letto abbastanza caratteri contenenti
dati esadecimali (vedere opzione \-c). Ci<43> implica pure che le modifiche alle
colonne di caratteri stampabili ascii (o ebcdic) sono sempre ignorate.
La ricostruzione da un file immagine esadecimale in stile semplice
(postscript) con xxd \-r \-p non dipende dal numero corrretto di colonne.
IN questo caso, qualsiasi cosa assomigli a una coppia di cifre esadecimali
<EFBFBD> interpretata [e utilizzata].
.PP
Notare la differenza fra
.br
\fI% xxd \-i file\fR
.br
e
.br
\fI% xxd \-i \< file\fR
.PP
.I xxd \-s \+seek
pu<EFBFBD> comportarsi in modo diverso da
.I xxd \-s seek
, perch<63> lseek(2) <20> usata per tornare indietro nel file di input. Il '+'
fa differenza se il file di input <20> lo "standard input", e se la pozione nel
file di "standard input" non <20> all'inizio del file quando xxd <20> eseguito,
con questo input.
I seguenti esempi possono contribuire a chiarire il concetto
(o ad oscurarlo!)...
.PP
Riavvolge lo "standard input" prima di leggere; necessario perch<63> `cat'
ha gi<67> letto lo stesso file ["file"] fino alla fine dello "standard input".
.br
\fI% sh \-c 'cat > copia_normale; xxd \-s 0 > copia_esadecimale' < file
.PP
Stampa immagine esadecimale dalla posizione file 0x480 (=1024+128) in poi.
Il segno `+' vuol dire "rispetto alla posizione corrente", quindi il `128'
si aggiunge a 1k (1024) dove `dd' si era fermato.
.br
\fI% sh \-c 'dd of=normale bs=1k count=1; xxd \-s +128 > esadecimale' < file
.PP
Immagine esadecimale dalla posizione 0x100 ( = 1024-768 ) del file in avanti.
.br
\fI% sh \-c 'dd of=normale bs=1k count=1; xxd \-s +-768 > esadecimale' < file
.PP
Comunque, questo capita raramente, e l'uso del `+' di rado.
L'autore preferisce monitorare il comportamento di xxd con strace(1) o
truss(1), quando si usa l'opzione \-s.
.SH ESEMPI
.PP
.br
Stampa tutto tranne le prime tre linee (0x30 bytes esadecimali) di
.B file
\.
.br
\fI% xxd \-s 0x30 file
.PP
.br
Stampa 3 linee (0x30 bytes esadecimali) alla fine di
.B file
\.
.br
\fI% xxd \-s \-0x30 file
.PP
.br
Stampa 120 bytes come immagine esadecimale continua con 40 bytes per linea.
.br
\fI% xxd \-l 120 \-ps \-c 20 xxd.1\fR
.br
2e54482058584420312022417567757374203139
.br
39362220224d616e75616c207061676520666f72
.br
20787864220a2e5c220a2e5c222032317374204d
.br
617920313939360a2e5c22204d616e2070616765
.br
20617574686f723a0a2e5c2220202020546f6e79
.br
204e7567656e74203c746f6e79407363746e7567
.br
.br
Stampa i primi 120 bytes della pagina di manuale vim.1 a 12 bytes per linea.
.br
\fI% xxd \-l 120 \-c 12 xxd.1\fR
.br
0000000: 2e54 4820 5858 4420 3120 2241 .TH XXD 1 "A
.br
000000c: 7567 7573 7420 3139 3936 2220 ugust 1996"
.br
0000018: 224d 616e 7561 6c20 7061 6765 "Manual page
.br
0000024: 2066 6f72 2078 7864 220a 2e5c for xxd"..\
.br
0000030: 220a 2e5c 2220 3231 7374 204d "..\" 21st M
.br
000003c: 6179 2031 3939 360a 2e5c 2220 ay 1996..\"
.br
0000048: 4d61 6e20 7061 6765 2061 7574 Man page aut
.br
0000054: 686f 723a 0a2e 5c22 2020 2020 hor:..\"
.br
0000060: 546f 6e79 204e 7567 656e 7420 Tony Nugent
.br
000006c: 3c74 6f6e 7940 7363 746e 7567 <tony@sctnug
.PP
.br
Visualizza la data dal file xxd.1
.br
\fI% xxd \-s 0x36 \-l 13 \-c 13 xxd.1\fR
.br
0000036: 3231 7374 204d 6179 2031 3939 36 21st May 1996
.PP
.br
Copiare
.B input_file
su
.B output_file
premettendogli 100 bytes a 0x00.
.br
\fI% xxd input_file | xxd \-r \-s 100 \> output_file\fR
.br
.br
Modificare (patch) la data nel file xxd.1
.br
\fI% echo '0000037: 3574 68' | xxd \-r \- xxd.1\fR
.br
\fI% xxd \-s 0x36 \-l 13 \-c 13 xxd.1\fR
.br
0000036: 3235 7468 204d 6179 2031 3939 36 25th May 1996
.PP
.br
Creare un file di 65537 tutto a 0x00,
tranne che l'ultimo carattere che <20> una 'A' (esadecimale 0x41).
.br
\fI% echo '010000: 41' | xxd \-r \> file\fR
.PP
.br
Stampa una immagine esadecimale del file di cui sopra con opzione autoskip.
.br
\fI% xxd \-a \-c 12 file\fR
.br
0000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ............
.br
*
.br
000fffc: 0000 0000 40 ....A
.PP
Crea un file di 1 byte che contiene il solo carattere 'A'.
Il numero dopo '\-r \-s' viene aggiunto a quello trovato nel file;
in pratica, i bytes precedenti non sono stampati.
.br
\fI% echo '010000: 41' | xxd \-r \-s \-0x10000 \> file\fR
.PP
Usare xxd come filtro all'interno di un editor come
.B vim(1)
per ottenere una immagine esadecimale di una parte di file
delimitata dai mark `a' e `z'.
.br
\fI:'a,'z!xxd\fR
.PP
Usare xxd come filtro all'interno di un editor come
.B vim(1)
per ricostruire un pezzo di file binario da una immagine esadecimale
delimitata dai mark `a' e `z'.
.br
\fI:'a,'z!xxd \-r\fR
.PP
Usare xxd come filtro all'interno di un editor come
.B vim(1)
per ricostruire una sola linea di file binario da una immagine esadecimale,
Portare il cursore sopra la linea e battere:
.br
\fI!!xxd \-r\fR
.PP
Per leggere singoli charatteri da una linea seriale
.br
\fI% xxd \-c1 < /dev/term/b &\fR
.br
\fI% stty < /dev/term/b \-echo \-opost \-isig \-icanon min 1\fR
.br
\fI% echo \-n foo > /dev/term/b\fR
.PP
.SH CODICI DI RITORNO
Il programma pu<70> restituire questi codici di errore:
.TP
0
nessun errore rilevato.
.TP
\-1
operazione non supportata (
.I xxd \-r \-i
non ancora possible).
.TP
1
errore durante la scansione parametri.
.TP
2
problemi con il file di input.
.TP
3
problemi con il file di output.
.TP
4,5
posizione "seek" specificata non raggiungibile all'interno del file.
.SH VEDERE ANCHE
uuencode(1), uudecode(1), patch(1)
.br
.SH AVVERTIMENTI
La stranezza dello strumento rispecchia la mente del suo creatore.
Usate a vostro rischio e pericolo. Copiate i file. Tracciate l'esecuzione.
Diventate un mago.
.br
.SH VERSIONE
Questa pagina di manuale documenta la versione 1.7 di xxd.
.SH AUTORE
.br
(c) 1990-1997 Juergen Weigert
.br
<jnweiger@informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
.LP
Distribuite liberamente ed attribuitemi il credito,
.br
fate soldi e condivideteli con me
.br
perdete soldi e non venite a chiederli a me.
.PP
Pagina di manuale messa in piedi da Tony Nugent
.br
<tony@sctnugen.ppp.gu.edu.au> <T.Nugent@sct.gu.edu.au>
.br
Piccole modifiche di Bram Moolenaar.
Modificato da Juergen Weigert.
.PP

53
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@ -62,12 +62,11 @@ toggle autoskip: A single '*' replaces nul-lines. Default off.
.IR \-b " | " \-bits
Switch to bits (binary digits) dump, rather than hexdump.
This option writes octets as eight digits "1"s and "0"s instead of a normal
hexacecimal dump. Each line is preceded by a line number in hexadecimal and
hexadecimal dump. Each line is preceded by a line number in hexadecimal and
followed by an ascii (or ebcdic) representation. The command line switches
\-r, \-p, \-i do not work with this mode.
.TP
.IR "\-c cols " | " \-cols cols"
.IR "\-c cols " | " \-cols cols"
format
.RI < cols >
octets per line. Default 16 (\-i: 12, \-ps: 30, \-b: 6). Max 256.
@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ This does not change the hexadecimal representation. The option is
meaningless in combinations with \-r, \-p or \-i.
.TP
.IR "\-g bytes " | " \-groupsize bytes"
seperate the output of every
separate the output of every
.RI < bytes >
bytes (two hex characters or eight bit-digits each) by a whitespace.
Specify
@ -139,7 +138,7 @@ show version string.
.PP
.I xxd \-r
has some builtin magic while evaluating line number information.
If the ouput file is seekable, then the linenumbers at the start of each
If the output file is seekable, then the linenumbers at the start of each
hexdump line may be out of order, lines may be missing, or overlapping. In
these cases xxd will lseek(2) to the next position. If the output file is not
seekable, only gaps are allowed, which will be filled by null-bytes.
@ -152,7 +151,7 @@ When editing hexdumps, please note that
skips everything on the input line after reading enough columns of hexadecimal
data (see option \-c). This also means, that changes to the printable ascii (or
ebcdic) columns are always ignored. Reverting a plain (or postscript) style
hexdump with xxd \-r \-p does not depend on the correct number of columns. Here an thing that looks like a pair of hex-digits is interpreted.
hexdump with xxd \-r \-p does not depend on the correct number of columns. Here anything that looks like a pair of hex-digits is interpreted.
.PP
Note the difference between
.br
@ -186,7 +185,7 @@ Hexdump from file position 0x100 ( = 1024-768) on.
\fI% sh \-c 'dd of=plain_snippet bs=1k count=1; xxd \-s +-768 > hex_snippet' < file
.PP
However, this is a rare situation and the use of `+' is rarely needed.
the author prefers to monitor the effect of xxd with strace(1) or truss(1), whenever \-s is used.
The author prefers to monitor the effect of xxd with strace(1) or truss(1), whenever \-s is used.
.SH EXAMPLES
.PP
.br
@ -208,17 +207,17 @@ Print 120 bytes as continuous hexdump with 40 octets per line.
.br
\fI% xxd \-l 120 \-ps \-c 20 xxd.1\fR
.br
2e544820585844203120224d616e75616c207061
2e54482058584420312022417567757374203139
.br
676520666f7220787864220a2e5c220a2e5c2220
39362220224d616e75616c207061676520666f72
.br
32317374204d617920313939360a2e5c22204d61
20787864220a2e5c220a2e5c222032317374204d
.br
6e207061676520617574686f723a0a2e5c222020
617920313939360a2e5c22204d616e2070616765
.br
2020546f6e79204e7567656e74203c746f6e7940
20617574686f723a0a2e5c2220202020546f6e79
.br
7363746e7567656e2e7070702e67752e6564752e
204e7567656e74203c746f6e79407363746e7567
.br
.br
@ -226,32 +225,32 @@ Hexdump the first 120 bytes of this man page with 12 octets per line.
.br
\fI% xxd \-l 120 \-c 12 xxd.1\fR
.br
0000000: 2e54 4820 5858 4420 3120 224d .TH XXD 1 "M
0000000: 2e54 4820 5858 4420 3120 2241 .TH XXD 1 "A
.br
000000c: 616e 7561 6c20 7061 6765 2066 anual page f
000000c: 7567 7573 7420 3139 3936 2220 ugust 1996"
.br
0000018: 6f72 2078 7864 220a 2e5c 220a or xxd"..\\".
0000018: 224d 616e 7561 6c20 7061 6765 "Manual page
.br
0000024: 2e5c 2220 3231 7374 204d 6179 .\\" 21st May
0000024: 2066 6f72 2078 7864 220a 2e5c for xxd"..\\
.br
0000030: 2031 3939 360a 2e5c 2220 4d61 1996..\\" Ma
0000030: 220a 2e5c 2220 3231 7374 204d "..\\" 21st M
.br
000003c: 6e20 7061 6765 2061 7574 686f n page autho
000003c: 6179 2031 3939 360a 2e5c 2220 ay 1996..\\"
.br
0000048: 723a 0a2e 5c22 2020 2020 546f r:..\\" To
0000048: 4d61 6e20 7061 6765 2061 7574 Man page aut
.br
0000054: 6e79 204e 7567 656e 7420 3c74 ny Nugent <t
0000054: 686f 723a 0a2e 5c22 2020 2020 hor:..\\"
.br
0000060: 6f6e 7940 7363 746e 7567 656e ony@sctnugen
0000060: 546f 6e79 204e 7567 656e 7420 Tony Nugent
.br
000006c: 2e70 7070 2e67 752e 6564 752e .ppp.gu.edu.
000006c: 3c74 6f6e 7940 7363 746e 7567 <tony@sctnug
.PP
.br
Display just the date from the file xxd.1
.br
\fI% xxd \-s 0x28 \-l 12 \-c 12 xxd.1\fR
\fI% xxd \-s 0x36 \-l 13 \-c 13 xxd.1\fR
.br
0000028: 3231 7374 204d 6179 2031 3939 21st May 199
0000036: 3231 7374 204d 6179 2031 3939 36 21st May 1996
.PP
.br
Copy
@ -266,11 +265,11 @@ and prepend 100 bytes of value 0x00.
.br
Patch the date in the file xxd.1
.br
\fI% echo '0000029: 3574 68' | xxd \-r \- xxd.1\fR
\fI% echo '0000037: 3574 68' | xxd \-r \- xxd.1\fR
.br
\fI% xxd \-s 0x28 \-l 12 \-c 12 xxd.1\fR
\fI% xxd \-s 0x36 \-l 13 \-c 13 xxd.1\fR
.br
0000028: 3235 7468 204d 6179 2031 3939 25th May 199
0000036: 3235 7468 204d 6179 2031 3939 36 25th May 1996
.PP
.br
Create a 65537 byte file with all bytes 0x00,

385
runtime/doc/xxd.man
View File

@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
XXD(1) XXD(1)
XXD(1) XXD(1)
NAME
xxd - make a hexdump or do the reverse.
@ -13,239 +11,184 @@ SYNOPSIS
xxd -r[evert] [options] [infile [outfile]]
DESCRIPTION
xxd creates a hex dump of a given file or standard input.
It can also convert a hex dump back to its original binary
form. Like uuencode(1) and uudecode(1) it allows the
transmission of binary data in a `mail-safe' ASCII repre-
sentation, but has the advantage of decoding to standard
output. Moreover, it can be used to perform binary file
patching.
xxd creates a hex dump of a given file or standard input. It can also
convert a hex dump back to its original binary form. Like uuencode(1)
and uudecode(1) it allows the transmission of binary data in a `mail-
safe' ASCII representation, but has the advantage of decoding to stan-
dard output. Moreover, it can be used to perform binary file patching.
OPTIONS
If no infile is given, standard input is read. If infile
is specified as a `-' character, then input is taken from
standard input. If no outfile is given (or a `-' charac-
ter is in its place), results are sent to standard output.
If no infile is given, standard input is read. If infile is specified
as a `-' character, then input is taken from standard input. If no
outfile is given (or a `-' character is in its place), results are sent
to standard output.
Note that a "lazy" parser is used which does not check for
more than the first option letter, unless the option is
followed by a parameter. Spaces between a single option
letter and its parameter are optional. Parameters to
options can be specified in decimal, hexadecimal or octal
notation. Thus -c8, -c 8, -c 010 and -cols 8 are all
equivalent.
Note that a "lazy" parser is used which does not check for more than
the first option letter, unless the option is followed by a parameter.
Spaces between a single option letter and its parameter are optional.
Parameters to options can be specified in decimal, hexadecimal or octal
notation. Thus -c8, -c 8, -c 010 and -cols 8 are all equivalent.
-a | -autoskip
toggle autoskip: A single '*' replaces nul-lines.
Default off.
toggle autoskip: A single '*' replaces nul-lines. Default off.
-b | -bits
Switch to bits (binary digits) dump, rather than
hexdump. This option writes octets as eight digits
"1"s and "0"s instead of a normal hexacecimal dump.
Each line is preceded by a line number in hexadeci-
mal and followed by an ascii (or ebcdic) represen-
tation. The command line switches -r, -p, -i do not
work with this mode.
Switch to bits (binary digits) dump, rather than hexdump. This
option writes octets as eight digits "1"s and "0"s instead of a
normal hexadecimal dump. Each line is preceded by a line number
in hexadecimal and followed by an ascii (or ebcdic) representa-
tion. The command line switches -r, -p, -i do not work with this
mode.
-c cols | -cols cols
-c cols | -cols cols format <cols> octets per line.
Default 16 (-i: 12, -ps: 30, -b: 6). Max 256.
format <cols> octets per line. Default 16 (-i: 12, -ps: 30, -b:
6). Max 256.
-E | -EBCDIC
Change the character encoding in the righthand col-
umn from ASCII to EBCDIC. This does not change the
hexadecimal representation. The option is meaning-
less in combinations with -r, -p or -i.
Manual page for xxd August 1996 1
XXD(1) XXD(1)
Change the character encoding in the righthand column from ASCII
to EBCDIC. This does not change the hexadecimal representation.
The option is meaningless in combinations with -r, -p or -i.
-g bytes | -groupsize bytes
seperate the output of every <bytes> bytes (two hex
characters or eight bit-digits each) by a whites-
pace. Specify -g 0 to suppress grouping. <Bytes>
defaults to 2 in normal mode and 1 in bits mode.
Grouping does not apply to postscript or include
separate the output of every <bytes> bytes (two hex characters
or eight bit-digits each) by a whitespace. Specify -g 0 to sup-
press grouping. <Bytes> defaults to 2 in normal mode and 1 in
bits mode. Grouping does not apply to postscript or include
style.
-h | -help
print a summary of available commands and exit. No
hex dumping is performed.
print a summary of available commands and exit. No hex dumping
is performed.
-i | -include
output in C include file style. A complete static
array definition is written (named after the input
file), unless xxd reads from stdin.
output in C include file style. A complete static array defini-
tion is written (named after the input file), unless xxd reads
from stdin.
-l len | -len len
stop after writing <len> octets.
-p | -ps | -postscript | -plain
output in postscript continuous hexdump style. Also
known as plain hexdump style.
output in postscript continuous hexdump style. Also known as
plain hexdump style.
-r | -revert
reverse operation: convert (or patch) hexdump into
binary. If not writing to stdout, xxd writes into
its output file without truncating it. Use the com-
bination -r -p to read plain hexadecimal dumps
without line number information and without a par-
ticular column layout. Additional Whitespace and
line-breaks are allowed anywhere.
reverse operation: convert (or patch) hexdump into binary. If
not writing to stdout, xxd writes into its output file without
truncating it. Use the combination -r -p to read plain hexadeci-
mal dumps without line number information and without a particu-
lar column layout. Additional Whitespace and line-breaks are
allowed anywhere.
-seek offset
When used after -r : revert with <offset> added to
file positions found in hexdump.
When used after -r : revert with <offset> added to file posi-
tions found in hexdump.
-s [+][-]seek
start at <seek> bytes abs. (or rel.) infile offset.
+ indicates that the seek is relative to the cur-
rent stdin file position (meaningless when not
reading from stdin). - indicates that the seek
should be that many characters from the end of the
input (or if combined with
+ : before the current stdin file position).
Without -s option, xxd starts at the current file
position.
start at <seek> bytes abs. (or rel.) infile offset. + indicates
that the seek is relative to the current stdin file position
(meaningless when not reading from stdin). - indicates that the
seek should be that many characters from the end of the input
(or if combined with
+ : before the current stdin file position). Without -s
option, xxd starts at the current file position.
-u use upper case hex letters. Default is lower case.
-u use upper case hex letters. Default is lower case.
-v | -version
show version string.
Manual page for xxd August 1996 2
XXD(1) XXD(1)
CAVEATS
xxd -r has some builtin magic while evaluating line number
information. If the ouput file is seekable, then the
linenumbers at the start of each hexdump line may be out
of order, lines may be missing, or overlapping. In these
cases xxd will lseek(2) to the next position. If the out-
put file is not seekable, only gaps are allowed, which
will be filled by null-bytes.
xxd -r has some builtin magic while evaluating line number information.
If the output file is seekable, then the linenumbers at the start of
each hexdump line may be out of order, lines may be missing, or over-
lapping. In these cases xxd will lseek(2) to the next position. If the
output file is not seekable, only gaps are allowed, which will be
filled by null-bytes.
xxd -r never generates parse errors. Garbage is silently
skipped.
xxd -r never generates parse errors. Garbage is silently skipped.
When editing hexdumps, please note that xxd -r skips
everything on the input line after reading enough columns
of hexadecimal data (see option -c). This also means, that
changes to the printable ascii (or ebcdic) columns are
always ignored. Reverting a plain (or postscript) style
hexdump with xxd -r -p does not depend on the correct num-
ber of columns. Here an thing that looks like a pair of
hex-digits is interpreted.
When editing hexdumps, please note that xxd -r skips everything on the
input line after reading enough columns of hexadecimal data (see option
-c). This also means, that changes to the printable ascii (or ebcdic)
columns are always ignored. Reverting a plain (or postscript) style
hexdump with xxd -r -p does not depend on the correct number of col-
umns. Here anything that looks like a pair of hex-digits is inter-
preted.
Note the difference between
% xxd -i file
and
% xxd -i < file
xxd -s +seek may be different from xxd -s seek , as
lseek(2) is used to "rewind" input. A '+' makes a differ-
ence if the input source is stdin, and if stdin's file
position is not at the start of the file by the time xxd
is started and given its input. The following examples
may help to clarify (or further confuse!)...
xxd -s +seek may be different from xxd -s seek , as lseek(2) is used to
"rewind" input. A '+' makes a difference if the input source is stdin,
and if stdin's file position is not at the start of the file by the
time xxd is started and given its input. The following examples may
help to clarify (or further confuse!)...
Rewind stdin before reading; needed because the `cat' has
already read to the end of stdin.
Rewind stdin before reading; needed because the `cat' has already read
to the end of stdin.
% sh -c 'cat > plain_copy; xxd -s 0 > hex_copy' < file
Hexdump from file position 0x480 (=1024+128) onwards. The
`+' sign means "relative to the current position", thus
the `128' adds to the 1k where dd left off.
% sh -c 'dd of=plain_snippet bs=1k count=1; xxd -s +128 >
hex_snippet' < file
Hexdump from file position 0x480 (=1024+128) onwards. The `+' sign
means "relative to the current position", thus the `128' adds to the 1k
where dd left off.
% sh -c 'dd of=plain_snippet bs=1k count=1; xxd -s +128 > hex_snippet'
< file
Hexdump from file position 0x100 ( = 1024-768) on.
% sh -c 'dd of=plain_snippet bs=1k count=1; xxd -s +-768 >
hex_snippet' < file
% sh -c 'dd of=plain_snippet bs=1k count=1; xxd -s +-768 > hex_snippet'
< file
However, this is a rare situation and the use of `+' is
rarely needed. the author prefers to monitor the effect
of xxd with strace(1) or truss(1), whenever -s is used.
However, this is a rare situation and the use of `+' is rarely needed.
The author prefers to monitor the effect of xxd with strace(1) or
truss(1), whenever -s is used.
EXAMPLES
Print everything but the first three lines (hex 0x30
bytes) of file
Manual page for xxd August 1996 3
XXD(1) XXD(1)
Print everything but the first three lines (hex 0x30 bytes) of file
% xxd -s 0x30 file
Print 3 lines (hex 0x30 bytes) from the end of file
% xxd -s -0x30 file
Print 120 bytes as continuous hexdump with 40 octets per
line.
Print 120 bytes as continuous hexdump with 40 octets per line.
% xxd -l 120 -ps -c 20 xxd.1
2e544820585844203120224d616e75616c207061
676520666f7220787864220a2e5c220a2e5c2220
32317374204d617920313939360a2e5c22204d61
6e207061676520617574686f723a0a2e5c222020
2020546f6e79204e7567656e74203c746f6e7940
7363746e7567656e2e7070702e67752e6564752e
2e54482058584420312022417567757374203139
39362220224d616e75616c207061676520666f72
20787864220a2e5c220a2e5c222032317374204d
617920313939360a2e5c22204d616e2070616765
20617574686f723a0a2e5c2220202020546f6e79
204e7567656e74203c746f6e79407363746e7567
Hexdump the first 120 bytes of this man page with 12
octets per line.
Hexdump the first 120 bytes of this man page with 12 octets per line.
% xxd -l 120 -c 12 xxd.1
0000000: 2e54 4820 5858 4420 3120 224d .TH XXD 1 "M
000000c: 616e 7561 6c20 7061 6765 2066 anual page f
0000018: 6f72 2078 7864 220a 2e5c 220a or xxd"..\".
0000024: 2e5c 2220 3231 7374 204d 6179 .\" 21st May
0000030: 2031 3939 360a 2e5c 2220 4d61 1996..\" Ma
000003c: 6e20 7061 6765 2061 7574 686f n page autho
0000048: 723a 0a2e 5c22 2020 2020 546f r:..\" To
0000054: 6e79 204e 7567 656e 7420 3c74 ny Nugent <t
0000060: 6f6e 7940 7363 746e 7567 656e ony@sctnugen
000006c: 2e70 7070 2e67 752e 6564 752e .ppp.gu.edu.
0000000: 2e54 4820 5858 4420 3120 2241 .TH XXD 1 "A
000000c: 7567 7573 7420 3139 3936 2220 ugust 1996"
0000018: 224d 616e 7561 6c20 7061 6765 "Manual page
0000024: 2066 6f72 2078 7864 220a 2e5c for xxd"..\
0000030: 220a 2e5c 2220 3231 7374 204d "..\" 21st M
000003c: 6179 2031 3939 360a 2e5c 2220 ay 1996..\"
0000048: 4d61 6e20 7061 6765 2061 7574 Man page aut
0000054: 686f 723a 0a2e 5c22 2020 2020 hor:..\"
0000060: 546f 6e79 204e 7567 656e 7420 Tony Nugent
000006c: 3c74 6f6e 7940 7363 746e 7567 <tony@sctnug
Display just the date from the file xxd.1
% xxd -s 0x28 -l 12 -c 12 xxd.1
0000028: 3231 7374 204d 6179 2031 3939 21st May 199
% xxd -s 0x36 -l 13 -c 13 xxd.1
0000036: 3231 7374 204d 6179 2031 3939 36 21st May 1996
Copy input_file to output_file and prepend 100 bytes of
value 0x00.
Copy input_file to output_file and prepend 100 bytes of value 0x00.
% xxd input_file | xxd -r -s 100 > output_file
Patch the date in the file xxd.1
% echo '0000029: 3574 68' | xxd -r - xxd.1
% xxd -s 0x28 -l 12 -c 12 xxd.1
0000028: 3235 7468 204d 6179 2031 3939 25th May 199
% echo '0000037: 3574 68' | xxd -r - xxd.1
% xxd -s 0x36 -l 13 -c 13 xxd.1
0000036: 3235 7468 204d 6179 2031 3939 36 25th May 1996
Create a 65537 byte file with all bytes 0x00, except for
the last one which is 'A' (hex 0x41).
Create a 65537 byte file with all bytes 0x00, except for the last one
which is 'A' (hex 0x41).
% echo '010000: 41' | xxd -r > file
Hexdump this file with autoskip.
@ -254,34 +197,21 @@ XXD(1) XXD(1)
*
000fffc: 0000 0000 40 ....A
Create a 1 byte file containing a single 'A' character.
The number after '-r -s' adds to the linenumbers found in
Manual page for xxd August 1996 4
XXD(1) XXD(1)
the file; in effect, the leading bytes are suppressed.
Create a 1 byte file containing a single 'A' character. The number
after '-r -s' adds to the linenumbers found in the file; in effect, the
leading bytes are suppressed.
% echo '010000: 41' | xxd -r -s -0x10000 > file
Use xxd as a filter within an editor such as vim(1) to
hexdump a region marked between `a' and `z'.
Use xxd as a filter within an editor such as vim(1) to hexdump a region
marked between `a' and `z'.
:'a,'z!xxd
Use xxd as a filter within an editor such as vim(1) to
recover a binary hexdump marked between `a' and `z'.
Use xxd as a filter within an editor such as vim(1) to recover a binary
hexdump marked between `a' and `z'.
:'a,'z!xxd -r
Use xxd as a filter within an editor such as vim(1) to
recover one line of a hexdump. Move the cursor over the
line and type:
Use xxd as a filter within an editor such as vim(1) to recover one line
of a hexdump. Move the cursor over the line and type:
!!xxd -r
Read single characters from a serial line
@ -295,8 +225,7 @@ RETURN VALUES
0 no errors encountered.
-1 operation not supported ( xxd -r -i still impossi-
ble).
-1 operation not supported ( xxd -r -i still impossible).
1 error while parsing options.
@ -310,9 +239,8 @@ SEE ALSO
uuencode(1), uudecode(1), patch(1)
WARNINGS
The tools weirdness matches its creators brain. Use
entirely at your own risk. Copy files. Trace it. Become a
wizard.
The tools weirdness matches its creators brain. Use entirely at your
own risk. Copy files. Trace it. Become a wizard.
VERSION
This manual page documents xxd version 1.7
@ -322,75 +250,14 @@ AUTHOR
<jnweiger@informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
Distribute freely and credit me,
Manual page for xxd August 1996 5
XXD(1) XXD(1)
make money and share with me,
lose money and don't ask me.
Manual page started by Tony Nugent
<tony@sctnugen.ppp.gu.edu.au> <T.Nugent@sct.gu.edu.au>
Small changes by Bram Moolenaar. Edited by Juergen
Weigert.
Small changes by Bram Moolenaar. Edited by Juergen Weigert.
Manual page for xxd August 1996 6
Manual page for xxd August 1996 XXD(1)