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updated for version 7.0d02

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Bram Moolenaar
2006-04-12 21:52:12 +00:00
parent 4c3f536f47
commit 18144c8423
57 changed files with 5356 additions and 963 deletions
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runtime/doc/vi_diff.txt
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
*vi_diff.txt* For Vim version 7.0d. Last change: 2006 Jan 02
*vi_diff.txt* For Vim version 7.0d. Last change: 2006 Apr 12
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
@ -103,13 +103,12 @@ The option 'maxmem' ('mm') is used to set the maximum memory used for one
buffer (in kilobytes). 'maxmemtot' is used to set the maximum memory used for
all buffers (in kilobytes). The defaults depend on the system used. For the
Amiga and MS-DOS, 'maxmemtot' is set depending on the amount of memory
available. If you don't like Vim to swap to a file, set 'maxmem' and
'maxmemtot' to a very large value. The swap file will then only be used for
recovery. If you don't want a swap file at all, set 'updatecount' to 0, or
use the "-n" argument when starting Vim. Note that the 'maxmem' option is
only used when a buffer is created. Changing this option does not affect
buffers that have already been loaded. Thus you can set it to different
values for different files. 'maxmemtot' works always.
available.
These are not hard limits, but tell Vim when to move text into a swap file.
If you don't like Vim to swap to a file, set 'maxmem' and 'maxmemtot' to a
very large value. The swap file will then only be used for recovery. If you
don't want a swap file at all, set 'updatecount' to 0, or use the "-n"
argument when starting Vim.
==============================================================================
4. The most interesting additions *vim-additions*
@ -123,7 +122,8 @@ Vi compatibility. |'compatible'|
:set nocompatible
Or start Vim with the "-N" argument:
vim -N
This is done automatically if you have a .vimrc file. See |startup|.
Vim starts with 'nocompatible' automatically if you have a .vimrc
file. See |startup|.
The 'cpoptions' option can be used to set Vi compatibility on/off for
a number of specific items.
@ -142,17 +142,23 @@ Support for different systems.
- Macintosh
- Risc OS
- IBM OS/390
Note that on some systems features need to be disabled to reduce
resource usage, esp. on MS-DOS. For some outdated systems you need to
use an older Vim version.
Multi level undo. |undo|
'u' goes backward in time, 'CTRL-R' goes forward again. Set option
'undolevels' to the number of changes to be remembered (default 1000).
Set 'undolevels' to 0 for a vi-compatible one level undo. Set it to
-1 for no undo at all.
When all changes in a buffer have been undone, the buffer is not
considered changed anymore. You can exit it with :q, without <!>.
When undoing a few changes and then making a new change Vim will
create a branch in the undo tree. This means you can go back to any
state of the text, there is no risc of a change causing text to be
lost forever. |undo-tree|
Graphical User Interface (GUI) |gui|
Graphical User Interface (GUI). |gui|
Included support for GUI: menu's, mouse, scrollbars, etc. You can
define your own menus. Better support for CTRL/SHIFT/ALT keys in
combination with special keys and mouse. Supported for various
@ -165,58 +171,78 @@ Multiple windows and buffers. |windows.txt|
can still be loaded (and changed) but not displayed in a window. This
is called a hidden buffer. Many commands and options have been added
for this facility.
Vim can also use multiple tab pages, each with one or more windows. A
line with tab labels can be used to quickly switch between these pages.
|tab-page|
Syntax highlighting. |:syntax|
Vim can highlight keywords, patterns and other things. This is
defined by a number of ":syntax" commands, and can be made to
defined by a number of |:syntax| commands, and can be made to
highlight most languages and file types. A number of files are
included for highlighting the most common languages, like C, C++,
Java, Pascal, Makefiles, shell scripts, etc. The colors used for
highlighting can be defined for ordinary terminals, color terminals
and the GUI with the ":highlight" command.
and the GUI with the |:highlight| command. A convenient way to do
this is using a |:colorscheme| command.
The highlighted text can be exported as HTML. |convert-to-HTML|
Other items that can be highlighted are matches with the search string
|'hlsearch'|, matching parens |matchparen| and the cursor line and
column |'cursorline'| |'cursorcolumn'|.
Folding |folding|
Spell checking. |spell|
When the 'spell' option is set Vim will highlight spelling mistakes.
About 40 languages are currently supported, selected with the
'spellang' option. In source code only comments and strings are
checked for spelling.
Folding. |folding|
A range of lines can be shown as one "folded" line. This allows
overviewing a file and moving blocks of text around quickly.
Folds can be created manually, from the syntax of the file, by indent,
etc.
Plugins |add-plugin|
Diff mode. |diff|
Vim can show two versions of a file with the differences highlighted.
Parts of the text that are equal are folded away. Commands can be
used to move text from one version to the other.
Plugins. |add-plugin|
The functionality can be extended by dropping a plugin file in the
right directory. That's an easy way to start using Vim scripts
written by others. Plugins can be for all kind of files, or
specifically for a filetype.
Repeat a series of commands. |q|
"q{c}" starts recording typed characters into named register {c}
(append to the register if register name is uppercase). A subsequent
"q" stops recording. The register can then be executed with the
"@{c}" command. This is very useful to repeat a complex action.
"q{c}" starts recording typed characters into named register {c}.
A subsequent "q" stops recording. The register can then be executed
with the "@{c}" command. This is very useful to repeat a complex
action.
Flexible insert mode. |ins-special-special|
The arrow keys can be used in insert mode to move around in the file.
This breaks the insert in two parts as far as undo and redo is
concerned.
CTRL-O can be used to execute a single command-mode command. This is
almost the same as hitting <Esc>, typing the command and doing "a".
CTRL-O can be used to execute a single Normal mode command. This is
almost the same as hitting <Esc>, typing the command and doing |a|.
Visual mode. |Visual-mode|
Visual can be used to first highlight a piece of text and then give a
command to do something with it. This is an (easy to use) alternative
to first giving the operator and then moving to the end of the text
to be operated upon. "v" and "V" are used to start Visual mode. "v"
works on characters and 'V' on lines. Move the cursor to extend the
Visual part. It is shown highlighted on the screen. By typing "o"
the other end of the Visual text can be moved. The Visual text can
be affected by an operator:
Visual mode can be used to first highlight a piece of text and then
give a command to do something with it. This is an (easy to use)
alternative to first giving the operator and then moving to the end of
the text to be operated upon.
|v| and |V| are used to start Visual mode. |v| works on characters
and |V| on lines. Move the cursor to extend the Visual area. It is
shown highlighted on the screen. By typing "o" the other end of the
Visual area can be moved. The Visual area can be affected by an
operator:
d delete
c change
y yank
> or < insert or delete indent
! filter through external program
= filter through indent
: start ":" command for the Visual lines.
: start |:| command for the Visual lines.
gq format text to 'textwidth' columns
J join lines
~ swap case
@ -224,15 +250,15 @@ Visual mode. |Visual-mode|
U make uppercase
Block operators. |visual-block|
With Visual a rectangular block of text can be selected. Start Visual
with CTRL-V. The block can be deleted ("d"), yanked ("y") or its case
can be changed ("~", "u" and "U"). A deleted or yanked block can be
put into the text with the "p" and "P" commands.
With Visual mode a rectangular block of text can be selected. Start
Visual mode with CTRL-V. The block can be deleted ("d"), yanked ("y")
or its case can be changed ("~", "u" and "U"). A deleted or yanked
block can be put into the text with the "p" and "P" commands.
Online help system. |:help|
Help system. |:help|
Help is displayed in a window. The usual commands can be used to
move around, search for a string, etc. Tags can be used to jump
around in the help files, just like hypertext links. The ":help"
around in the help files, just like hypertext links. The |:help|
command takes an argument to quickly jump to the info on a subject.
<F1> is the quick access to the help system. The name of the help
index file can be set with the 'helpfile' option.
@ -243,7 +269,6 @@ Command-line editing and history. |cmdline-editing|
forward/backward one character. The shifted right/left cursor keys
can be used to move forward/backward one word. CTRL-B/CTRL-E can be
used to go to the begin/end of the command-line.
|cmdline-history|
The command-lines are remembered. The up/down cursor keys can be used
to recall previous command-lines. The 'history' option can be set to
@ -271,9 +296,9 @@ Command-line completion. |cmdline-completion|
all matches. CTRL-L will insert the longest common part of the
matches.
Insert-mode completion |ins-completion|
In insert mode the CTRL-N and CTRL-P keys can be used to complete a
word that has previously been used. |i_CTRL-N|
Insert-mode completion. |ins-completion|
In Insert mode the CTRL-N and CTRL-P keys can be used to complete a
word that appears elsewhere. |i_CTRL-N|
With CTRL-X another mode is entered, through which completion can be
done for:
|i_CTRL-X_CTRL-F| file names
@ -283,51 +308,64 @@ Insert-mode completion |ins-completion|
|i_CTRL-X_CTRL-L| whole lines
|i_CTRL-X_CTRL-]| words from the tags file
|i_CTRL-X_CTRL-D| definitions or macros
|i_CTRL-X_CTRL-O| Omni completion: clever completion
specifically for a file type
etc.
Long line support |'wrap'| |'linebreak'|
Long line support. |'wrap'| |'linebreak'|
If the 'wrap' option is off, long lines will not wrap and only part
of them will be shown. When the cursor is moved to a part that is not
shown, the screen will scroll horizontally. The minimum number of
columns to scroll can be set with the 'sidescroll' option. The "zh"
and "zl" commands can be used to scroll sideways.
columns to scroll can be set with the 'sidescroll' option. The |zh|
and |zl| commands can be used to scroll sideways.
Alternatively, long lines are broken in between words when the
'linebreak' option is set. This allows editing a single-line
paragraph conveniently (e.g. when the text is later read into a DTP
program). Move the cursor up/down with the "gk" and "gj" commands.
program). Move the cursor up/down with the |gk| and |gj| commands.
Text formatting. |formatting|
The 'textwidth' option can be used to automatically limit the line
length. This supplements the 'wrapmargin' option of Vi, which was not
very useful. The "gq" operator can be used to format a piece of text
(for example, "gqap" formats the current paragraph). Commands for
text alignment: ":center", ":left" and ":right".
very useful. The |gq| operator can be used to format a piece of text
(for example, |gqap| formats the current paragraph). Commands for
text alignment: |:center|, |:left| and |:right|.
Extended search patterns |pattern|
Extended search patterns. |pattern|
There are many extra items to match various text items. Examples:
A "\n" can be used in a search pattern to match a line break.
"x\{2,4}" matches "x" 2 to 4 times.
"\s" matches a white space character.
Directory, remote and archive browsing. |netrw|
Vim can browse the file system. Simply edit a directory. Move around
in the list with the usual commands and press <Enter> to go to the
directory or file under the cursor.
This also works for remote files over ftp, http, ssh, etc.
Zip and tar archives can also be browsed. |tar| |zip|
Edit-compile-edit speedup. |quickfix|
The ":make" command can be used to run the compilation and jump to
the first error. Alternatively Vim can be started with the "-q"
option from the compiler. A file with compiler error messages is
interpreted. Vim starts editing at the first error.
The |:make| command can be used to run the compilation and jump to the
first error. A file with compiler error messages is interpreted. Vim
jumps to the first error.
Each line in the error file is scanned for the name of a file, line
number and error message. The 'errorformat' option can be set to a
list of scanf-like strings to handle output from many compilers.
The ":cn" command can be used to jump to the next error.
":cl" lists all the error messages. Other commands are available
(almost the same as with Manx's Z editor on the Amiga).
The |:cn| command can be used to jump to the next error.
|:cl| lists all the error messages. Other commands are available.
The 'makeef' option has the name of the file with error messages.
The 'makeprg' option contains the name of the program to be executed
with the ":make" command.
with the |:make| command.
The 'shellpipe' option contains the string to be used to put the
output of the compiler into the errorfile.
Improved indenting for C programs |'cindent'|
Finding matches in files. |:vimgrep|
Vim can search for a pattern in multiple files. This uses the
advanced Vim regexp pattern, works on all systems and also works to
search in compressed files.
Improved indenting for programs. |'cindent'|
When the 'cindent' option is on the indent of each line is
automatically adjusted. C syntax is mostly recognized. The indent
for various styles can be set with 'cinoptions'. The keys to trigger
@ -336,68 +374,85 @@ Improved indenting for C programs |'cindent'|
Comments can be automatically formatted. The 'comments' option can be
set to the characters that start and end a comment. This works best
for C code, but also works for e-mail (">" at start of the line) and
other types of text. The "=" operator can be used to re-indent
other types of text. The |=| operator can be used to re-indent
lines.
Searching for words in include files |include-search|
The "[i" command can be used to search for a match of the word under
For many other languages an indent plugin is present to support
automatic indenting. |30.3|
Searching for words in included files. |include-search|
The |[i| command can be used to search for a match of the word under
the cursor in the current and included files. The 'include' option
can be set the a pattern that describes a command to include a file
(the default is for C programs).
The "[I" command lists all matches, the "[ CTRL-I" command jumps to
The |[I| command lists all matches, the |[_CTRL-I| command jumps to
a match.
The "[d", "[D" and "[ CTRL-D" commands do the same, but only for
The |[d|, |[D| and |[_CTRL-D| commands do the same, but only for
lines where the pattern given with the 'define' option matches.
Automatic commands |autocommand|
Automatic commands. |autocommand|
Commands can be automatically executed when reading a file, writing a
file, jumping to another buffer, etc., depending on the file name.
This is useful to set options and mappings for C programs,
documentation, plain text, e-mail, etc. This also makes it possible
to edit compressed files.
Scripts and Expressions |expression|
Commands have been added to form up a simple but powerful script
language.
Scripts and Expressions. |expression|
Commands have been added to form up a powerful script language.
|:if| Conditional execution, which can be used for example
to set options depending on the value of $TERM.
|:while| Repeat a number of commands.
|:for| Loop over a list.
|:echo| Print the result of an expression.
|:let| Assign a value to an internal variable, option, etc.
Variable types are Number, String, List and Dictionary.
|:execute| Execute a command formed by an expression.
etc.
|:try| Catch exceptions.
etc., etc. See |eval|.
Debugging and profiling are supported. |debug-scripts| |profile|
If this is not enough, an interface is provided to |Python|, |Ruby|,
|Tcl|, |Perl| and |MzScheme|.
Viminfo |viminfo-file|
Viminfo. |viminfo-file|
The command-line history, marks and registers can be stored in a file
that is read on startup. This can be used to repeat a search command
or command-line command after exiting and restarting Vim. It is also
possible to jump right back to where the last edit stopped with "'0".
possible to jump right back to where the last edit stopped with |'0|.
The 'viminfo' option can be set to select which items to store in the
.viminfo file. This is off by default.
Mouse support |mouse-using|
Printing. |printing|
The |:hardcopy| command sends text to the printer. This can include
syntax highlighting.
Mouse support. |mouse-using|
The mouse is supported in the GUI version, in an xterm for Unix, for
Linux with gpm, for MS-DOS, and Win32. It can be used to position the
cursor, select the visual area, paste a register, etc.
Usage of key names |<>| |key-notation|
Usage of key names. |<>| |key-notation|
Special keys now all have a name like <Up>, <End>, etc.
This name can be used in mappings, to make it easy to edit them.
Editing binary files |edit-binary|
Editing binary files. |edit-binary|
Vim can edit binary files. You can change a few characters in an
executable file, without corrupting it. Vim doesn't remove NUL
characters (they are represented as <NL> internally).
|-b| command-line argument to start editing a binary file
|'binary'| Option set by "-b". Prevents adding an <EOL> for the
|'binary'| Option set by |-b|. Prevents adding an <EOL> for the
last line in the file.
Multi-language support |multi-lang|
Multi-language support. |multi-lang|
Files in double-byte or multi-byte encodings can be edited. There is
UTF-8 support to be able to edit various languages at the same time,
without switching fonts. |UTF-8|
Messages and menus are available in different languages.
Move cursor beyond lines.
When the 'virtualedit' option is set the cursor can move all over the
screen, also where there is no text. This is useful to edit tables
and figures easily.
==============================================================================
5. Other vim features *other-features*
@ -843,6 +898,8 @@ Only Vim is able to accept options in between and after the file names.
-o[N] Vim: Open [N] windows, or one for each file.
-p[N] Vim: Open [N] tab pages, or one for each file.
-P {parent-title} Win32 Vim: open Vim inside a parent application window
-q {name} Vim: Use {name} for quickfix error file.